# -*- test-case-name: twisted.mail.test.test_imap.IMAP4HelperTests -*-
# Copyright (c) Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
# See LICENSE for details.

"""
An IMAP4 protocol implementation

@author: Jp Calderone

To do::
  Suspend idle timeout while server is processing
  Use an async message parser instead of buffering in memory
  Figure out a way to not queue multi-message client requests (Flow? A simple callback?)
  Clarify some API docs (Query, etc)
  Make APPEND recognize (again) non-existent mailboxes before accepting the literal
"""

import binascii
import codecs
import copy
import functools
import re
import string
import tempfile
import time
import uuid

import email.utils

from itertools import chain
from io import BytesIO

from zope.interface import implementer

from twisted.protocols import basic
from twisted.protocols import policies
from twisted.internet import defer
from twisted.internet import error
from twisted.internet.defer import maybeDeferred
from twisted.python import log, text
from twisted.python.compat import (
    _bytesChr, unichr as chr, _b64decodebytes as decodebytes,
    _b64encodebytes as encodebytes,
    intToBytes, iterbytes, long, nativeString, networkString, unicode,
    _matchingString, _PY3
)
from twisted.internet import interfaces

from twisted.cred import credentials
from twisted.cred.error import UnauthorizedLogin, UnhandledCredentials

# Re-exported for compatibility reasons
from twisted.mail.interfaces import (
    IClientAuthentication, INamespacePresenter,
    IAccountIMAP as IAccount,
    IMessageIMAPPart as IMessagePart,
    IMessageIMAP as IMessage,
    IMessageIMAPFile as IMessageFile,
    ISearchableIMAPMailbox as ISearchableMailbox,
    IMessageIMAPCopier as IMessageCopier,
    IMailboxIMAPInfo as IMailboxInfo,
    IMailboxIMAP as IMailbox,
    ICloseableMailboxIMAP as ICloseableMailbox,
    IMailboxIMAPListener as IMailboxListener
)
from twisted.mail._cred import (
    CramMD5ClientAuthenticator,
    LOGINAuthenticator, LOGINCredentials,
    PLAINAuthenticator, PLAINCredentials)
from twisted.mail._except import (
    IMAP4Exception, IllegalClientResponse, IllegalOperation, MailboxException,
    IllegalMailboxEncoding, MailboxCollision, NoSuchMailbox, ReadOnlyMailbox,
    UnhandledResponse, NegativeResponse, NoSupportedAuthentication,
    IllegalIdentifierError, IllegalQueryError, MismatchedNesting,
    MismatchedQuoting, IllegalServerResponse,
)

# locale-independent month names to use instead of strftime's
_MONTH_NAMES = dict(zip(
        range(1, 13),
        "Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec".split()))


def _swap(this, that, ifIs):
    """
    Swap C{this} with C{that} if C{this} is C{ifIs}.

    @param this: The object that may be replaced.

    @param that: The object that may replace C{this}.

    @param ifIs: An object whose identity will be compared to
        C{this}.
    """
    return that if this is ifIs else this


def _swapAllPairs(of, that, ifIs):
    """
    Swap each element in each pair in C{of} with C{that} it is
    C{ifIs}.

    @param of: A list of 2-L{tuple}s, whose members may be the object
        C{that}
    @type of: L{list} of 2-L{tuple}s

    @param ifIs: An object whose identity will be compared to members
        of each pair in C{of}

    @return: A L{list} of 2-L{tuple}s with all occurences of C{ifIs}
        replaced with C{that}
    """
    return [(_swap(first, that, ifIs), _swap(second, that, ifIs))
            for first, second in of]


class MessageSet(object):
    """
    A set of message identifiers usable by both L{IMAP4Client} and
    L{IMAP4Server} via L{IMailboxIMAP.store} and
    L{IMailboxIMAP.fetch}.

    These identifiers can be either message sequence numbers or unique
    identifiers.  See Section 2.3.1, "Message Numbers", RFC 3501.

    This represents the C{sequence-set} described in Section 9,
    "Formal Syntax" of RFC 3501:

        - A L{MessageSet} can describe a single identifier, e.g.
          C{MessageSet(1)}

        - A L{MessageSet} can describe C{*} via L{None}, e.g.
          C{MessageSet(None)}

        - A L{MessageSet} can describe a range of identifiers, e.g.
          C{MessageSet(1, 2)}.  The range is inclusive and unordered
          (see C{seq-range} in RFC 3501, Section 9), so that
          C{Message(2, 1)} is equivalent to C{MessageSet(1, 2)}, and
          both describe messages 1 and 2.  Ranges can include C{*} by
          specifying L{None}, e.g. C{MessageSet(None, 1)}.  In all
          cases ranges are normalized so that the smallest identifier
          comes first, and L{None} always comes last; C{Message(2, 1)}
          becomes C{MessageSet(1, 2)} and C{MessageSet(None, 1)}
          becomes C{MessageSet(1, None)}

        - A L{MessageSet} can describe a sequence of single
          identifiers and ranges, constructed by addition.
          C{MessageSet(1) + MessageSet(5, 10)} refers the message
          identified by C{1} and the messages identified by C{5}
          through C{10}.

    B{NB: The meaning of * varies, but it always represents the
    largest number in use}.

    B{For servers}: Your L{IMailboxIMAP} provider must set
    L{MessageSet.last} to the highest-valued identifier (unique or
    message sequence) before iterating over it.

    B{For clients}: C{*} consumes ranges smaller than it, e.g.
    C{MessageSet(1, 100) + MessageSet(50, None)} is equivalent to
    C{1:*}.

    @type getnext: Function taking L{int} returning L{int}
    @ivar getnext: A function that returns the next message number,
        used when iterating through the L{MessageSet}.  By default, a
        function returning the next integer is supplied, but as this
        can be rather inefficient for sparse UID iterations, it is
        recommended to supply one when messages are requested by UID.
        The argument is provided as a hint to the implementation and
        may be ignored if it makes sense to do so (eg, if an iterator
        is being used that maintains its own state, it is guaranteed
        that it will not be called out-of-order).
    """
    _empty = []
    _infinity = float('inf')

    def __init__(self, start=_empty, end=_empty):
        """
        Create a new MessageSet()

        @type start: Optional L{int}
        @param start: Start of range, or only message number

        @type end: Optional L{int}
        @param end: End of range.
        """
        self._last = self._empty # Last message/UID in use
        self.ranges = [] # List of ranges included
        self.getnext = lambda x: x+1 # A function which will return the next
                                     # message id. Handy for UID requests.

        if start is self._empty:
            return

        if isinstance(start, list):
            self.ranges = start[:]
            self.clean()
        else:
            self.add(start,end)


    # Ooo.  A property.
    def last():
        def _setLast(self, value):
            if self._last is not self._empty:
                raise ValueError("last already set")

            self._last = value
            for i, (l, h) in enumerate(self.ranges):
                if l is None:
                    l = value
                if h is None:
                    h = value
                if l > h:
                    l, h = h, l
                self.ranges[i] = (l, h)
            self.clean()

        def _getLast(self):
            return self._last

        doc = '''
              Replaces all occurrences of "*".  This should be the
              largest number in use.  Must be set before attempting to
              use the MessageSet as a container.

              @raises: L{ValueError} if a largest value has already
                  been set.
              '''
        return _getLast, _setLast, None, doc
    last = property(*last())


    def add(self, start, end=_empty):
        """
        Add another range

        @type start: L{int}
        @param start: Start of range, or only message number

        @type end: Optional L{int}
        @param end: End of range.
        """
        if end is self._empty:
            end = start

        if self._last is not self._empty:
            if start is None:
                start = self.last
            if end is None:
                end = self.last

        start, end = sorted(
            [start, end],
            key=functools.partial(_swap, that=self._infinity, ifIs=None))
        self.ranges.append((start, end))
        self.clean()


    def __add__(self, other):
        if isinstance(other, MessageSet):
            ranges = self.ranges + other.ranges
            return MessageSet(ranges)
        else:
            res = MessageSet(self.ranges)
            if self.last is not self._empty:
                res.last = self.last
            try:
                res.add(*other)
            except TypeError:
                res.add(other)
            return res


    def extend(self, other):
        """
        Extend our messages with another message or set of messages.

        @param other: The messages to include.
        @type other: L{MessageSet}, L{tuple} of two L{int}s, or a
            single L{int}
        """
        if isinstance(other, MessageSet):
            self.ranges.extend(other.ranges)
            self.clean()
        else:
            try:
                self.add(*other)
            except TypeError:
                self.add(other)

        return self


    def clean(self):
        """
        Clean ranges list, combining adjacent ranges
        """

        ranges = sorted(_swapAllPairs(self.ranges,
                                      that=self._infinity,
                                      ifIs=None))

        mergedRanges = [(float('-inf'), float('-inf'))]


        for low, high in ranges:
            previousLow, previousHigh = mergedRanges[-1]

            if previousHigh < low - 1:
                mergedRanges.append((low, high))
                continue

            mergedRanges[-1] = (min(previousLow, low),
                                max(previousHigh, high))

        self.ranges = _swapAllPairs(mergedRanges[1:],
                                    that=None,
                                    ifIs=self._infinity)


    def _noneInRanges(self):
        """
        Is there a L{None} in our ranges?

        L{MessageSet.clean} merges overlapping or consecutive ranges.
        None is represents a value larger than any number.  There are
        thus two cases:

            1. C{(x, *) + (y, z)} such that C{x} is smaller than C{y}

            2. C{(z, *) + (x, y)} such that C{z} is larger than C{y}

        (Other cases, such as C{y < x < z}, can be split into these
        two cases; for example C{(y - 1, y)} + C{(x, x) + (z, z + 1)})

        In case 1, C{* > y} and C{* > z}, so C{(x, *) + (y, z) = (x,
        *)}

        In case 2, C{z > x and z > y}, so the intervals do not merge,
        and the ranges are sorted as C{[(x, y), (z, *)]}.  C{*} is
        represented as C{(*, *)}, so this is the same as 2.  but with
        a C{z} that is greater than everything.

        The result is that there is a maximum of two L{None}s, and one
        of them has to be the high element in the last tuple in
        C{self.ranges}.  That means checking if C{self.ranges[-1][-1]}
        is L{None} suffices to check if I{any} element is L{None}.

        @return: L{True} if L{None} is in some range in ranges and
            L{False} if otherwise.
        """
        return self.ranges[-1][-1] is None


    def __contains__(self, value):
        """
        May raise TypeError if we encounter an open-ended range

        @param value: Is this in our ranges?
        @type value: L{int}
        """

        if self._noneInRanges():
            raise TypeError(
                "Can't determine membership; last value not set")

        for low, high in self.ranges:
            if low <= value <= high:
                return True

        return False


    def _iterator(self):
        for l, h in self.ranges:
            l = self.getnext(l-1)
            while l <= h:
                yield l
                l = self.getnext(l)


    def __iter__(self):
        if self._noneInRanges():
            raise TypeError("Can't iterate; last value not set")

        return self._iterator()


    def __len__(self):
        res = 0
        for l, h in self.ranges:
            if l is None:
                res += 1
            elif h is None:
                raise TypeError("Can't size object; last value not set")
            else:
                res += (h - l) + 1

        return res


    def __str__(self):
        p = []
        for low, high in self.ranges:
            if low == high:
                if low is None:
                    p.append('*')
                else:
                    p.append(str(low))
            elif high is None:
                p.append('%d:*' % (low,))
            else:
                p.append('%d:%d' % (low, high))
        return ','.join(p)


    def __repr__(self):
        return '<MessageSet %s>' % (str(self),)


    def __eq__(self, other):
        if isinstance(other, MessageSet):
            return self.ranges == other.ranges
        return False

    def __ne__(self, other):
        return not self.__eq__(other)


class LiteralString:
    def __init__(self, size, defered):
        self.size = size
        self.data = []
        self.defer = defered


    def write(self, data):
        self.size -= len(data)
        passon = None
        if self.size > 0:
            self.data.append(data)
        else:
            if self.size:
                data, passon = data[:self.size], data[self.size:]
            else:
                passon = b''
            if data:
                self.data.append(data)

        return passon


    def callback(self, line):
        """
        Call deferred with data and rest of line
        """
        self.defer.callback((b''.join(self.data), line))



class LiteralFile:
    _memoryFileLimit = 1024 * 1024 * 10

    def __init__(self, size, defered):
        self.size = size
        self.defer = defered
        if size > self._memoryFileLimit:
            self.data = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
        else:
            self.data = BytesIO()


    def write(self, data):
        self.size -= len(data)
        passon = None
        if self.size > 0:
            self.data.write(data)
        else:
            if self.size:
                data, passon = data[:self.size], data[self.size:]
            else:
                passon = b''
            if data:
                self.data.write(data)
        return passon


    def callback(self, line):
        """
        Call deferred with data and rest of line
        """
        self.data.seek(0,0)
        self.defer.callback((self.data, line))



class WriteBuffer:
    """
    Buffer up a bunch of writes before sending them all to a transport at once.
    """
    def __init__(self, transport, size=8192):
        self.bufferSize = size
        self.transport = transport
        self._length = 0
        self._writes = []


    def write(self, s):
        self._length += len(s)
        self._writes.append(s)
        if self._length > self.bufferSize:
            self.flush()


    def flush(self):
        if self._writes:
            self.transport.writeSequence(self._writes)
            self._writes = []
            self._length = 0



class Command:
    _1_RESPONSES = (b'CAPABILITY', b'FLAGS', b'LIST', b'LSUB', b'STATUS', b'SEARCH', b'NAMESPACE')
    _2_RESPONSES = (b'EXISTS', b'EXPUNGE', b'FETCH', b'RECENT')
    _OK_RESPONSES = (b'UIDVALIDITY', b'UNSEEN', b'READ-WRITE', b'READ-ONLY', b'UIDNEXT', b'PERMANENTFLAGS')
    defer = None

    def __init__(self, command, args=None, wantResponse=(),
                 continuation=None, *contArgs, **contKw):
        self.command = command
        self.args = args
        self.wantResponse = wantResponse
        self.continuation = lambda x: continuation(x, *contArgs, **contKw)
        self.lines = []


    def __repr__(self):
        return "<imap4.Command {!r} {!r} {!r} {!r} {!r}>".format(
            self.command, self.args, self.wantResponse, self.continuation,
            self.lines
        )


    def format(self, tag):
        if self.args is None:
            return b' '.join((tag, self.command))
        return b' '.join((tag, self.command, self.args))


    def finish(self, lastLine, unusedCallback):
        send = []
        unuse = []
        for L in self.lines:
            names = parseNestedParens(L)
            N = len(names)
            if (N >= 1 and names[0] in self._1_RESPONSES or
                N >= 2 and names[1] in self._2_RESPONSES or
                N >= 2 and names[0] == b'OK' and isinstance(names[1], list)
               and names[1][0] in self._OK_RESPONSES):
                send.append(names)
            else:
                unuse.append(names)
        d, self.defer = self.defer, None
        d.callback((send, lastLine))
        if unuse:
            unusedCallback(unuse)



# Some constants to help define what an atom is and is not - see the grammar
# section of the IMAP4 RFC - <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3501#section-9>.
# Some definitions (SP, CTL, DQUOTE) are also from the ABNF RFC -
# <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2234>.
_SP = b' '
_CTL = b''.join(_bytesChr(ch) for ch in chain(range(0x21), range(0x80, 0x100)))

# It is easier to define ATOM-CHAR in terms of what it does not match than in
# terms of what it does match.
_nonAtomChars = b']\\\\(){%*"' + _SP + _CTL

# _nonAtomRE is only used in Query, so it uses native strings.
if _PY3:
    #
    _nativeNonAtomChars = _nonAtomChars.decode('charmap')
else:
    _nativeNonAtomChars = _nonAtomChars
_nonAtomRE = re.compile('[' + _nativeNonAtomChars + ']')

# This is all the bytes that match the ATOM-CHAR from the grammar in the RFC.
_atomChars = b''.join(_bytesChr(ch) for ch in list(range(0x100)) if _bytesChr(ch) not in _nonAtomChars)

@implementer(IMailboxListener)
class IMAP4Server(basic.LineReceiver, policies.TimeoutMixin):
    """
    Protocol implementation for an IMAP4rev1 server.

    The server can be in any of four states:
        - Non-authenticated
        - Authenticated
        - Selected
        - Logout
    """
    # Identifier for this server software
    IDENT = b'Twisted IMAP4rev1 Ready'

    # Number of seconds before idle timeout
    # Initially 1 minute.  Raised to 30 minutes after login.
    timeOut = 60

    POSTAUTH_TIMEOUT = 60 * 30

    # Whether STARTTLS has been issued successfully yet or not.
    startedTLS = False

    # Whether our transport supports TLS
    canStartTLS = False

    # Mapping of tags to commands we have received
    tags = None

    # The object which will handle logins for us
    portal = None

    # The account object for this connection
    account = None

    # Logout callback
    _onLogout = None

    # The currently selected mailbox
    mbox = None

    # Command data to be processed when literal data is received
    _pendingLiteral = None

    # Maximum length to accept for a "short" string literal
    _literalStringLimit = 4096

    # IChallengeResponse factories for AUTHENTICATE command
    challengers = None

    # Search terms the implementation of which needs to be passed both the last
    # message identifier (UID) and the last sequence id.
    _requiresLastMessageInfo = set([b"OR", b"NOT", b"UID"])

    state = 'unauth'

    parseState = 'command'

    def __init__(self, chal = None, contextFactory = None, scheduler = None):
        if chal is None:
            chal = {}
        self.challengers = chal
        self.ctx = contextFactory
        if scheduler is None:
            scheduler = iterateInReactor
        self._scheduler = scheduler
        self._queuedAsync = []


    def capabilities(self):
        cap = {b'AUTH': list(self.challengers.keys())}
        if self.ctx and self.canStartTLS:
            if not self.startedTLS and interfaces.ISSLTransport(self.transport, None) is None:
                cap[b'LOGINDISABLED'] = None
                cap[b'STARTTLS'] = None
        cap[b'NAMESPACE'] = None
        cap[b'IDLE'] = None
        return cap


    def connectionMade(self):
        self.tags = {}
        self.canStartTLS = interfaces.ITLSTransport(self.transport, None) is not None
        self.setTimeout(self.timeOut)
        self.sendServerGreeting()


    def connectionLost(self, reason):
        self.setTimeout(None)
        if self._onLogout:
            self._onLogout()
            self._onLogout = None


    def timeoutConnection(self):
        self.sendLine(b'* BYE Autologout; connection idle too long')
        self.transport.loseConnection()
        if self.mbox:
            self.mbox.removeListener(self)
            cmbx = ICloseableMailbox(self.mbox, None)
            if cmbx is not None:
                maybeDeferred(cmbx.close).addErrback(log.err)
            self.mbox = None
        self.state = 'timeout'


    def rawDataReceived(self, data):
        self.resetTimeout()
        passon = self._pendingLiteral.write(data)
        if passon is not None:
            self.setLineMode(passon)

    # Avoid processing commands while buffers are being dumped to
    # our transport
    blocked = None

    def _unblock(self):
        commands = self.blocked
        self.blocked = None
        while commands and self.blocked is None:
            self.lineReceived(commands.pop(0))
        if self.blocked is not None:
            self.blocked.extend(commands)


    def lineReceived(self, line):
        if self.blocked is not None:
            self.blocked.append(line)
            return

        self.resetTimeout()
        f = getattr(self, 'parse_' + self.parseState)
        try:
            f(line)
        except Exception as e:
            self.sendUntaggedResponse(b'BAD Server error: ' + networkString(str(e)))
            log.err()


    def parse_command(self, line):
        args = line.split(None, 2)
        rest = None
        if len(args) == 3:
            tag, cmd, rest = args
        elif len(args) == 2:
            tag, cmd = args
        elif len(args) == 1:
            tag = args[0]
            self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'Missing command')
            return None
        else:
            self.sendBadResponse(None, b'Null command')
            return None

        cmd = cmd.upper()
        try:
            return self.dispatchCommand(tag, cmd, rest)
        except IllegalClientResponse as e:
            self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'Illegal syntax: ' + networkString(str(e)))
        except IllegalOperation as e:
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, b'Illegal operation: ' + networkString(str(e)))
        except IllegalMailboxEncoding as e:
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, b'Illegal mailbox name: ' + networkString(str(e)))


    def parse_pending(self, line):
        d = self._pendingLiteral
        self._pendingLiteral = None
        self.parseState = 'command'
        d.callback(line)


    def dispatchCommand(self, tag, cmd, rest, uid=None):
        f = self.lookupCommand(cmd)
        if f:
            fn = f[0]
            parseargs = f[1:]
            self.__doCommand(tag, fn, [self, tag], parseargs, rest, uid)
        else:
            self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'Unsupported command')


    def lookupCommand(self, cmd):
        return getattr(self, '_'.join((self.state, nativeString(cmd.upper()))), None)


    def __doCommand(self, tag, handler, args, parseargs, line, uid):
        for (i, arg) in enumerate(parseargs):
            if callable(arg):
                parseargs = parseargs[i+1:]
                maybeDeferred(arg, self, line).addCallback(
                    self.__cbDispatch, tag, handler, args,
                    parseargs, uid).addErrback(self.__ebDispatch, tag)
                return
            else:
                args.append(arg)

        if line:
            # Too many arguments
            raise IllegalClientResponse("Too many arguments for command: " + repr(line))

        if uid is not None:
            handler(uid=uid, *args)
        else:
            handler(*args)


    def __cbDispatch(self, result, tag, fn, args, parseargs, uid):
        (arg, rest) = result
        args.append(arg)
        self.__doCommand(tag, fn, args, parseargs, rest, uid)


    def __ebDispatch(self, failure, tag):
        if failure.check(IllegalClientResponse):
            self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'Illegal syntax: ' + networkString(str(failure.value)))
        elif failure.check(IllegalOperation):
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, b'Illegal operation: ' +
                                      networkString(str(failure.value)))
        elif failure.check(IllegalMailboxEncoding):
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, b'Illegal mailbox name: ' +
                                      networkString(str(failure.value)))
        else:
            self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'Server error: ' + networkString(str(failure.value)))
            log.err(failure)


    def _stringLiteral(self, size):
        if size > self._literalStringLimit:
            raise IllegalClientResponse(
                "Literal too long! I accept at most %d octets" %
                (self._literalStringLimit,))
        d = defer.Deferred()
        self.parseState = 'pending'
        self._pendingLiteral = LiteralString(size, d)
        self.sendContinuationRequest(
            networkString('Ready for %d octets of text' % size))
        self.setRawMode()
        return d


    def _fileLiteral(self, size):
        d = defer.Deferred()
        self.parseState = 'pending'
        self._pendingLiteral = LiteralFile(size, d)
        self.sendContinuationRequest(
            networkString('Ready for %d octets of data' % size))
        self.setRawMode()
        return d


    def arg_finalastring(self, line):
        """
        Parse an astring from line that represents a command's final
        argument.  This special case exists to enable parsing empty
        string literals.

        @param line: A line that contains a string literal.
        @type line: L{bytes}

        @return: A 2-tuple containing the parsed argument and any
            trailing data, or a L{Deferred} that fires with that
            2-tuple
        @rtype: L{tuple} of (L{bytes}, L{bytes}) or a L{Deferred}

        @see: https://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ticket/9207
        """
        return self.arg_astring(line, final=True)


    def arg_astring(self, line, final=False):
        """
        Parse an astring from the line, return (arg, rest), possibly
        via a deferred (to handle literals)

        @param line: A line that contains a string literal.
        @type line: L{bytes}

        @param final: Is this the final argument?
        @type final L{bool}

        @return: A 2-tuple containing the parsed argument and any
            trailing data, or a L{Deferred} that fires with that
            2-tuple
        @rtype: L{tuple} of (L{bytes}, L{bytes}) or a L{Deferred}

        """
        line = line.strip()
        if not line:
            raise IllegalClientResponse("Missing argument")
        d = None
        arg, rest = None, None
        if line[0:1] == b'"':
            try:
                spam, arg, rest = line.split(b'"',2)
                rest = rest[1:] # Strip space
            except ValueError:
                raise IllegalClientResponse("Unmatched quotes")
        elif line[0:1] == b'{':
            # literal
            if line[-1:] != b'}':
                raise IllegalClientResponse("Malformed literal")
            try:
                size = int(line[1:-1])
            except ValueError:
                raise IllegalClientResponse(
                    "Bad literal size: " + repr(line[1:-1]))
            if final and not size:
                return (b'', b'')
            d = self._stringLiteral(size)
        else:
            arg = line.split(b' ',1)
            if len(arg) == 1:
                arg.append(b'')
            arg, rest = arg
        return d or (arg, rest)

    # ATOM: Any CHAR except ( ) { % * " \ ] CTL SP (CHAR is 7bit)
    atomre = re.compile(b'(?P<atom>[' + re.escape(_atomChars) + b']+)( (?P<rest>.*$)|$)')


    def arg_atom(self, line):
        """
        Parse an atom from the line
        """
        if not line:
            raise IllegalClientResponse("Missing argument")
        m = self.atomre.match(line)
        if m:
            return m.group('atom'), m.group('rest')
        else:
            raise IllegalClientResponse("Malformed ATOM")


    def arg_plist(self, line):
        """
        Parse a (non-nested) parenthesised list from the line
        """
        if not line:
            raise IllegalClientResponse("Missing argument")

        if line[:1] != b"(":
            raise IllegalClientResponse("Missing parenthesis")

        i = line.find(b")")

        if i == -1:
            raise IllegalClientResponse("Mismatched parenthesis")

        return (parseNestedParens(line[1:i],0), line[i+2:])


    def arg_literal(self, line):
        """
        Parse a literal from the line
        """
        if not line:
            raise IllegalClientResponse("Missing argument")

        if line[:1] != b'{':
            raise IllegalClientResponse("Missing literal")

        if line[-1:] != b'}':
            raise IllegalClientResponse("Malformed literal")

        try:
            size = int(line[1:-1])
        except ValueError:
            raise IllegalClientResponse(
                "Bad literal size: {!r}".format(line[1:-1]))

        return self._fileLiteral(size)


    def arg_searchkeys(self, line):
        """
        searchkeys
        """
        query = parseNestedParens(line)
        # XXX Should really use list of search terms and parse into
        # a proper tree
        return (query, b'')


    def arg_seqset(self, line):
        """
        sequence-set
        """
        rest = b''
        arg = line.split(b' ',1)
        if len(arg) == 2:
            rest = arg[1]
        arg = arg[0]

        try:
            return (parseIdList(arg), rest)
        except IllegalIdentifierError as e:
            raise IllegalClientResponse("Bad message number " + str(e))


    def arg_fetchatt(self, line):
        """
        fetch-att
        """
        p = _FetchParser()
        p.parseString(line)
        return (p.result, b'')


    def arg_flaglist(self, line):
        """
        Flag part of store-att-flag
        """
        flags = []
        if line[0:1] == b'(':
            if line[-1:] != b')':
                raise IllegalClientResponse("Mismatched parenthesis")
            line = line[1:-1]

        while line:
            m = self.atomre.search(line)
            if not m:
                raise IllegalClientResponse("Malformed flag")
            if line[0:1] == b'\\' and m.start() == 1:
                flags.append(b'\\' + m.group('atom'))
            elif m.start() == 0:
                flags.append(m.group('atom'))
            else:
                raise IllegalClientResponse("Malformed flag")
            line = m.group('rest')

        return (flags, b'')


    def arg_line(self, line):
        """
        Command line of UID command
        """
        return (line, b'')


    def opt_plist(self, line):
        """
        Optional parenthesised list
        """
        if line.startswith(b'('):
            return self.arg_plist(line)
        else:
            return (None, line)


    def opt_datetime(self, line):
        """
        Optional date-time string
        """
        if line.startswith(b'"'):
            try:
                spam, date, rest = line.split(b'"',2)
            except ValueError:
                raise IllegalClientResponse("Malformed date-time")
            return (date, rest[1:])
        else:
            return (None, line)


    def opt_charset(self, line):
        """
        Optional charset of SEARCH command
        """
        if line[:7].upper() == b'CHARSET':
            arg = line.split(b' ',2)
            if len(arg) == 1:
                raise IllegalClientResponse("Missing charset identifier")
            if len(arg) == 2:
                arg.append(b'')
            spam, arg, rest = arg
            return (arg, rest)
        else:
            return (None, line)


    def sendServerGreeting(self):
        #msg = '[CAPABILITY %s] %s' % (' '.join(self.listCapabilities()), self.IDENT)
        msg = (b'[CAPABILITY ' + b' '.join(self.listCapabilities()) + b'] ' +
              self.IDENT)
        self.sendPositiveResponse(message=msg)


    def sendBadResponse(self, tag = None, message = b''):
        self._respond(b'BAD', tag, message)


    def sendPositiveResponse(self, tag = None, message = b''):
        self._respond(b'OK', tag, message)


    def sendNegativeResponse(self, tag = None, message = b''):
        self._respond(b'NO', tag, message)


    def sendUntaggedResponse(self, message, async=False):
        if not async or (self.blocked is None):
            self._respond(message, None, None)
        else:
            self._queuedAsync.append(message)


    def sendContinuationRequest(self, msg = b'Ready for additional command text'):
        if msg:
            self.sendLine(b'+ ' + msg)
        else:
            self.sendLine(b'+')


    def _respond(self, state, tag, message):
        if state in (b'OK', b'NO', b'BAD') and self._queuedAsync:
            lines = self._queuedAsync
            self._queuedAsync = []
            for msg in lines:
                self._respond(msg, None, None)
        if not tag:
            tag = b'*'
        if message:
            self.sendLine(b' '.join((tag, state, message)))
        else:
            self.sendLine(b' '.join((tag, state)))


    def listCapabilities(self):
        caps = [b'IMAP4rev1']
        for c, v in self.capabilities().items():
            if v is None:
                caps.append(c)
            elif len(v):
                caps.extend([(c + b'=' + cap) for cap in v])
        return caps


    def do_CAPABILITY(self, tag):
        self.sendUntaggedResponse(b'CAPABILITY ' + b' '.join(self.listCapabilities()))
        self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'CAPABILITY completed')

    unauth_CAPABILITY = (do_CAPABILITY,)
    auth_CAPABILITY = unauth_CAPABILITY
    select_CAPABILITY = unauth_CAPABILITY
    logout_CAPABILITY = unauth_CAPABILITY


    def do_LOGOUT(self, tag):
        self.sendUntaggedResponse(b'BYE Nice talking to you')
        self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'LOGOUT successful')
        self.transport.loseConnection()

    unauth_LOGOUT = (do_LOGOUT,)
    auth_LOGOUT = unauth_LOGOUT
    select_LOGOUT = unauth_LOGOUT
    logout_LOGOUT = unauth_LOGOUT


    def do_NOOP(self, tag):
        self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'NOOP No operation performed')

    unauth_NOOP = (do_NOOP,)
    auth_NOOP = unauth_NOOP
    select_NOOP = unauth_NOOP
    logout_NOOP = unauth_NOOP


    def do_AUTHENTICATE(self, tag, args):
        args = args.upper().strip()
        if args not in self.challengers:
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, b'AUTHENTICATE method unsupported')
        else:
            self.authenticate(self.challengers[args](), tag)

    unauth_AUTHENTICATE = (do_AUTHENTICATE, arg_atom)


    def authenticate(self, chal, tag):
        if self.portal is None:
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, b'Temporary authentication failure')
            return

        self._setupChallenge(chal, tag)


    def _setupChallenge(self, chal, tag):
        try:
            challenge = chal.getChallenge()
        except Exception as e:
            self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'Server error: ' + networkString(str(e)))
        else:
            coded = encodebytes(challenge)[:-1]
            self.parseState = 'pending'
            self._pendingLiteral = defer.Deferred()
            self.sendContinuationRequest(coded)
            self._pendingLiteral.addCallback(self.__cbAuthChunk, chal, tag)
            self._pendingLiteral.addErrback(self.__ebAuthChunk, tag)


    def __cbAuthChunk(self, result, chal, tag):
        try:
            uncoded = decodebytes(result)
        except binascii.Error:
            raise IllegalClientResponse("Malformed Response - not base64")

        chal.setResponse(uncoded)
        if chal.moreChallenges():
            self._setupChallenge(chal, tag)
        else:
            self.portal.login(chal, None, IAccount).addCallbacks(
                self.__cbAuthResp,
                self.__ebAuthResp,
                (tag,), None, (tag,), None
            )


    def __cbAuthResp(self, result, tag):
        (iface, avatar, logout) = result
        assert iface is IAccount, "IAccount is the only supported interface"
        self.account = avatar
        self.state = 'auth'
        self._onLogout = logout
        self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'Authentication successful')
        self.setTimeout(self.POSTAUTH_TIMEOUT)


    def __ebAuthResp(self, failure, tag):
        if failure.check(UnauthorizedLogin):
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, b'Authentication failed: unauthorized')
        elif failure.check(UnhandledCredentials):
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, b'Authentication failed: server misconfigured')
        else:
            self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'Server error: login failed unexpectedly')
            log.err(failure)


    def __ebAuthChunk(self, failure, tag):
        self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, b'Authentication failed: ' + networkString(str(failure.value)))


    def do_STARTTLS(self, tag):
        if self.startedTLS:
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, b'TLS already negotiated')
        elif self.ctx and self.canStartTLS:
            self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'Begin TLS negotiation now')
            self.transport.startTLS(self.ctx)
            self.startedTLS = True
            self.challengers = self.challengers.copy()
            if b'LOGIN' not in self.challengers:
                self.challengers[b'LOGIN'] = LOGINCredentials
            if b'PLAIN' not in self.challengers:
                self.challengers[b'PLAIN'] = PLAINCredentials
        else:
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, b'TLS not available')

    unauth_STARTTLS = (do_STARTTLS,)


    def do_LOGIN(self, tag, user, passwd):
        if b'LOGINDISABLED' in self.capabilities():
            self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'LOGIN is disabled before STARTTLS')
            return

        maybeDeferred(self.authenticateLogin, user, passwd
            ).addCallback(self.__cbLogin, tag
            ).addErrback(self.__ebLogin, tag
            )

    unauth_LOGIN = (do_LOGIN, arg_astring, arg_finalastring)


    def authenticateLogin(self, user, passwd):
        """
        Lookup the account associated with the given parameters

        Override this method to define the desired authentication behavior.

        The default behavior is to defer authentication to C{self.portal}
        if it is not None, or to deny the login otherwise.

        @type user: L{str}
        @param user: The username to lookup

        @type passwd: L{str}
        @param passwd: The password to login with
        """
        if self.portal:
            return self.portal.login(
                credentials.UsernamePassword(user, passwd),
                None, IAccount
            )
        raise UnauthorizedLogin()


    def __cbLogin(self, result, tag):
        (iface, avatar, logout) = result
        if iface is not IAccount:
            self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'Server error: login returned unexpected value')
            log.err("__cbLogin called with %r, IAccount expected" % (iface,))
        else:
            self.account = avatar
            self._onLogout = logout
            self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'LOGIN succeeded')
            self.state = 'auth'
            self.setTimeout(self.POSTAUTH_TIMEOUT)


    def __ebLogin(self, failure, tag):
        if failure.check(UnauthorizedLogin):
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, b'LOGIN failed')
        else:
            self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'Server error: ' + networkString(str(failure.value)))
            log.err(failure)


    def do_NAMESPACE(self, tag):
        personal = public = shared = None
        np = INamespacePresenter(self.account, None)
        if np is not None:
            personal = np.getPersonalNamespaces()
            public = np.getSharedNamespaces()
            shared = np.getSharedNamespaces()
        self.sendUntaggedResponse(b'NAMESPACE ' + collapseNestedLists([personal, public, shared]))
        self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b"NAMESPACE command completed")

    auth_NAMESPACE = (do_NAMESPACE,)
    select_NAMESPACE = auth_NAMESPACE


    def _selectWork(self, tag, name, rw, cmdName):
        if self.mbox:
            self.mbox.removeListener(self)
            cmbx = ICloseableMailbox(self.mbox, None)
            if cmbx is not None:
                maybeDeferred(cmbx.close).addErrback(log.err)
            self.mbox = None
            self.state = 'auth'

        name = _parseMbox(name)
        maybeDeferred(self.account.select, _parseMbox(name), rw
            ).addCallback(self._cbSelectWork, cmdName, tag
            ).addErrback(self._ebSelectWork, cmdName, tag
            )


    def _ebSelectWork(self, failure, cmdName, tag):
        self.sendBadResponse(tag, b"%s failed: Server error" % (cmdName,))
        log.err(failure)


    def _cbSelectWork(self, mbox, cmdName, tag):
        if mbox is None:
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, b'No such mailbox')
            return
        if '\\noselect' in [s.lower() for s in mbox.getFlags()]:
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, 'Mailbox cannot be selected')
            return

        flags = [networkString(flag) for flag in mbox.getFlags()]
        self.sendUntaggedResponse(intToBytes(mbox.getMessageCount()) + b' EXISTS')
        self.sendUntaggedResponse(intToBytes(mbox.getRecentCount()) + b' RECENT')
        self.sendUntaggedResponse(b'FLAGS (' + b' '.join(flags) + b')')
        self.sendPositiveResponse(None, b'[UIDVALIDITY ' + intToBytes(mbox.getUIDValidity()) + b']')

        s = mbox.isWriteable() and b'READ-WRITE' or b'READ-ONLY'
        mbox.addListener(self)
        self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'[' + s + b'] ' + cmdName + b' successful')
        self.state = 'select'
        self.mbox = mbox

    auth_SELECT = ( _selectWork, arg_astring, 1, b'SELECT' )
    select_SELECT = auth_SELECT

    auth_EXAMINE = ( _selectWork, arg_astring, 0, b'EXAMINE' )
    select_EXAMINE = auth_EXAMINE


    def do_IDLE(self, tag):
        self.sendContinuationRequest(None)
        self.parseTag = tag
        self.lastState = self.parseState
        self.parseState = 'idle'


    def parse_idle(self, *args):
        self.parseState = self.lastState
        del self.lastState
        self.sendPositiveResponse(self.parseTag, b"IDLE terminated")
        del self.parseTag

    select_IDLE = ( do_IDLE, )
    auth_IDLE = select_IDLE


    def do_CREATE(self, tag, name):
        name = _parseMbox(name)
        try:
            result = self.account.create(name)
        except MailboxException as c:
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, networkString(str(c)))
        except:
            self.sendBadResponse(tag, b"Server error encountered while creating mailbox")
            log.err()
        else:
            if result:
                self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'Mailbox created')
            else:
                self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, b'Mailbox not created')

    auth_CREATE = (do_CREATE, arg_finalastring)
    select_CREATE = auth_CREATE


    def do_DELETE(self, tag, name):
        name = _parseMbox(name)
        if name.lower() == 'inbox':
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, b'You cannot delete the inbox')
            return
        try:
            self.account.delete(name)
        except MailboxException as m:
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, str(m).encode("imap4-utf-7"))
        except:
            self.sendBadResponse(tag, b"Server error encountered while deleting mailbox")
            log.err()
        else:
            self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'Mailbox deleted')

    auth_DELETE = (do_DELETE, arg_finalastring)
    select_DELETE = auth_DELETE


    def do_RENAME(self, tag, oldname, newname):
        oldname, newname = [_parseMbox(n) for n in (oldname, newname)]
        if oldname.lower() == 'inbox' or newname.lower() == 'inbox':
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, b'You cannot rename the inbox, or rename another mailbox to inbox.')
            return
        try:
            self.account.rename(oldname, newname)
        except TypeError:
            self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'Invalid command syntax')
        except MailboxException as m:
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, networkString(str(m)))
        except:
            self.sendBadResponse(tag, b"Server error encountered while renaming mailbox")
            log.err()
        else:
            self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'Mailbox renamed')

    auth_RENAME = (do_RENAME, arg_astring, arg_finalastring)
    select_RENAME = auth_RENAME


    def do_SUBSCRIBE(self, tag, name):
        name = _parseMbox(name)
        try:
            self.account.subscribe(name)
        except MailboxException as m:
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, networkString(str(m)))
        except:
            self.sendBadResponse(tag, b"Server error encountered while subscribing to mailbox")
            log.err()
        else:
            self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'Subscribed')

    auth_SUBSCRIBE = (do_SUBSCRIBE, arg_finalastring)
    select_SUBSCRIBE = auth_SUBSCRIBE


    def do_UNSUBSCRIBE(self, tag, name):
        name = _parseMbox(name)
        try:
            self.account.unsubscribe(name)
        except MailboxException as m:
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, networkString(str(m)))
        except:
            self.sendBadResponse(tag, b"Server error encountered while unsubscribing from mailbox")
            log.err()
        else:
            self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'Unsubscribed')

    auth_UNSUBSCRIBE = (do_UNSUBSCRIBE, arg_finalastring)
    select_UNSUBSCRIBE = auth_UNSUBSCRIBE


    def _listWork(self, tag, ref, mbox, sub, cmdName):
        mbox = _parseMbox(mbox)
        ref = _parseMbox(ref)
        maybeDeferred(self.account.listMailboxes, ref, mbox
            ).addCallback(self._cbListWork, tag, sub, cmdName
            ).addErrback(self._ebListWork, tag
            )


    def _cbListWork(self, mailboxes, tag, sub, cmdName):
        for (name, box) in mailboxes:
            if not sub or self.account.isSubscribed(name):
                flags = [networkString(flag) for flag in box.getFlags()]
                delim = box.getHierarchicalDelimiter().encode('imap4-utf-7')
                resp = (DontQuoteMe(cmdName), map(DontQuoteMe, flags), delim, name.encode('imap4-utf-7'))
                self.sendUntaggedResponse(collapseNestedLists(resp))
        self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, cmdName + b' completed')


    def _ebListWork(self, failure, tag):
        self.sendBadResponse(tag, b"Server error encountered while listing mailboxes.")
        log.err(failure)

    auth_LIST = (_listWork, arg_astring, arg_astring, 0, b'LIST')
    select_LIST = auth_LIST

    auth_LSUB = (_listWork, arg_astring, arg_astring, 1, b'LSUB')
    select_LSUB = auth_LSUB


    def do_STATUS(self, tag, mailbox, names):
        nativeNames = []
        for name in names:
            nativeNames.append(nativeString(name))

        mailbox = _parseMbox(mailbox)

        maybeDeferred(self.account.select, mailbox, 0
            ).addCallback(self._cbStatusGotMailbox, tag, mailbox, nativeNames
            ).addErrback(self._ebStatusGotMailbox, tag
            )


    def _cbStatusGotMailbox(self, mbox, tag, mailbox, names):
        if mbox:
            maybeDeferred(mbox.requestStatus, names).addCallbacks(
                self.__cbStatus, self.__ebStatus,
                (tag, mailbox), None, (tag, mailbox), None
            )
        else:
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, b"Could not open mailbox")


    def _ebStatusGotMailbox(self, failure, tag):
        self.sendBadResponse(tag, b"Server error encountered while opening mailbox.")
        log.err(failure)

    auth_STATUS = (do_STATUS, arg_astring, arg_plist)
    select_STATUS = auth_STATUS


    def __cbStatus(self, status, tag, box):
        # STATUS names should only be ASCII
        line = networkString(' '.join(['%s %s' % x for x in status.items()]))
        self.sendUntaggedResponse(b'STATUS ' + box.encode('imap4-utf-7') + b' ('+ line + b')')
        self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'STATUS complete')


    def __ebStatus(self, failure, tag, box):
        self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'STATUS '+ box + b' failed: ' +
                             networkString(str(failure.value)))


    def do_APPEND(self, tag, mailbox, flags, date, message):
        mailbox = _parseMbox(mailbox)
        maybeDeferred(self.account.select, mailbox
            ).addCallback(self._cbAppendGotMailbox, tag, flags, date, message
            ).addErrback(self._ebAppendGotMailbox, tag
            )


    def _cbAppendGotMailbox(self, mbox, tag, flags, date, message):
        if not mbox:
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, '[TRYCREATE] No such mailbox')
            return

        decodedFlags = [nativeString(flag) for flag in flags]
        d = mbox.addMessage(message, decodedFlags, date)
        d.addCallback(self.__cbAppend, tag, mbox)
        d.addErrback(self.__ebAppend, tag)


    def _ebAppendGotMailbox(self, failure, tag):
        self.sendBadResponse(tag, b"Server error encountered while opening mailbox.")
        log.err(failure)

    auth_APPEND = (do_APPEND, arg_astring, opt_plist, opt_datetime,
                   arg_literal)
    select_APPEND = auth_APPEND


    def __cbAppend(self, result, tag, mbox):
        self.sendUntaggedResponse(intToBytes(mbox.getMessageCount()) + b' EXISTS')
        self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'APPEND complete')


    def __ebAppend(self, failure, tag):
        self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'APPEND failed: ' +
                             networkString(str(failure.value)))


    def do_CHECK(self, tag):
        d = self.checkpoint()
        if d is None:
            self.__cbCheck(None, tag)
        else:
            d.addCallbacks(
                self.__cbCheck,
                self.__ebCheck,
                callbackArgs=(tag,),
                errbackArgs=(tag,)
            )
    select_CHECK = (do_CHECK,)


    def __cbCheck(self, result, tag):
        self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'CHECK completed')


    def __ebCheck(self, failure, tag):
        self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'CHECK failed: ' +
                             networkString(str(failure.value)))


    def checkpoint(self):
        """
        Called when the client issues a CHECK command.

        This should perform any checkpoint operations required by the server.
        It may be a long running operation, but may not block.  If it returns
        a deferred, the client will only be informed of success (or failure)
        when the deferred's callback (or errback) is invoked.
        """
        return None


    def do_CLOSE(self, tag):
        d = None
        if self.mbox.isWriteable():
            d = maybeDeferred(self.mbox.expunge)
        cmbx = ICloseableMailbox(self.mbox, None)
        if cmbx is not None:
            if d is not None:
                d.addCallback(lambda result: cmbx.close())
            else:
                d = maybeDeferred(cmbx.close)
        if d is not None:
            d.addCallbacks(self.__cbClose, self.__ebClose, (tag,), None, (tag,), None)
        else:
            self.__cbClose(None, tag)

    select_CLOSE = (do_CLOSE,)


    def __cbClose(self, result, tag):
        self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'CLOSE completed')
        self.mbox.removeListener(self)
        self.mbox = None
        self.state = 'auth'


    def __ebClose(self, failure, tag):
        self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'CLOSE failed: ' +
                             networkString(str(failure.value)))


    def do_EXPUNGE(self, tag):
        if self.mbox.isWriteable():
            maybeDeferred(self.mbox.expunge).addCallbacks(
                self.__cbExpunge, self.__ebExpunge, (tag,), None, (tag,), None
            )
        else:
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, b'EXPUNGE ignored on read-only mailbox')

    select_EXPUNGE = (do_EXPUNGE,)


    def __cbExpunge(self, result, tag):
        for e in result:
            self.sendUntaggedResponse(intToBytes(e) + b' EXPUNGE')
        self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'EXPUNGE completed')


    def __ebExpunge(self, failure, tag):
        self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'EXPUNGE failed: ' +
                             networkString(str(failure.value)))
        log.err(failure)


    def do_SEARCH(self, tag, charset, query, uid=0):
        sm = ISearchableMailbox(self.mbox, None)
        if sm is not None:
            maybeDeferred(sm.search, query, uid=uid
                          ).addCallback(self.__cbSearch, tag, self.mbox, uid
                          ).addErrback(self.__ebSearch, tag)
        else:
            # that's not the ideal way to get all messages, there should be a
            # method on mailboxes that gives you all of them
            s = parseIdList(b'1:*')
            maybeDeferred(self.mbox.fetch, s, uid=uid
                          ).addCallback(self.__cbManualSearch,
                                        tag, self.mbox, query, uid
                          ).addErrback(self.__ebSearch, tag)

    select_SEARCH = (do_SEARCH, opt_charset, arg_searchkeys)


    def __cbSearch(self, result, tag, mbox, uid):
        if uid:
            result = map(mbox.getUID, result)
        ids = networkString(' '.join([str(i) for i in result]))
        self.sendUntaggedResponse(b'SEARCH ' + ids)
        self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'SEARCH completed')


    def __cbManualSearch(self, result, tag, mbox, query, uid,
                         searchResults=None):
        """
        Apply the search filter to a set of messages. Send the response to the
        client.

        @type result: L{list} of L{tuple} of (L{int}, provider of
            L{imap4.IMessage})
        @param result: A list two tuples of messages with their sequence ids,
            sorted by the ids in descending order.

        @type tag: L{str}
        @param tag: A command tag.

        @type mbox: Provider of L{imap4.IMailbox}
        @param mbox: The searched mailbox.

        @type query: L{list}
        @param query: A list representing the parsed form of the search query.

        @param uid: A flag indicating whether the search is over message
            sequence numbers or UIDs.

        @type searchResults: L{list}
        @param searchResults: The search results so far or L{None} if no
            results yet.
        """
        if searchResults is None:
            searchResults = []
        i = 0

        # result is a list of tuples (sequenceId, Message)
        lastSequenceId = result and result[-1][0]
        lastMessageId = result and result[-1][1].getUID()
        for (i, (msgId, msg)) in list(zip(range(5), result)):
            # searchFilter and singleSearchStep will mutate the query.  Dang.
            # Copy it here or else things will go poorly for subsequent
            # messages.
            if self._searchFilter(copy.deepcopy(query), msgId, msg,
                                  lastSequenceId, lastMessageId):
                if uid:
                    searchResults.append(intToBytes(msg.getUID()))
                else:
                    searchResults.append(intToBytes(msgId))

        if i == 4:
            from twisted.internet import reactor
            reactor.callLater(
                0, self.__cbManualSearch, list(result[5:]), tag, mbox, query, uid,
                searchResults)
        else:
            if searchResults:
                self.sendUntaggedResponse(b'SEARCH ' + b' '.join(searchResults))
            self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'SEARCH completed')


    def _searchFilter(self, query, id, msg, lastSequenceId, lastMessageId):
        """
        Pop search terms from the beginning of C{query} until there are none
        left and apply them to the given message.

        @param query: A list representing the parsed form of the search query.

        @param id: The sequence number of the message being checked.

        @param msg: The message being checked.

        @type lastSequenceId: L{int}
        @param lastSequenceId: The highest sequence number of any message in
            the mailbox being searched.

        @type lastMessageId: L{int}
        @param lastMessageId: The highest UID of any message in the mailbox
            being searched.

        @return: Boolean indicating whether all of the query terms match the
            message.
        """
        while query:
            if not self._singleSearchStep(query, id, msg,
                                          lastSequenceId, lastMessageId):
                return False
        return True


    def _singleSearchStep(self, query, msgId, msg, lastSequenceId, lastMessageId):
        """
        Pop one search term from the beginning of C{query} (possibly more than
        one element) and return whether it matches the given message.

        @param query: A list representing the parsed form of the search query.

        @param msgId: The sequence number of the message being checked.

        @param msg: The message being checked.

        @param lastSequenceId: The highest sequence number of any message in
            the mailbox being searched.

        @param lastMessageId: The highest UID of any message in the mailbox
            being searched.

        @return: Boolean indicating whether the query term matched the message.
        """

        q = query.pop(0)
        if isinstance(q, list):
            if not self._searchFilter(q, msgId, msg,
                                      lastSequenceId, lastMessageId):
                return False
        else:
            c = q.upper()
            if not c[:1].isalpha():
                # A search term may be a word like ALL, ANSWERED, BCC, etc (see
                # below) or it may be a message sequence set.  Here we
                # recognize a message sequence set "N:M".
                messageSet = parseIdList(c, lastSequenceId)
                return msgId in messageSet
            else:
                f = getattr(self, 'search_' + nativeString(c), None)
                if f is None:
                    raise IllegalQueryError("Invalid search command %s" % nativeString(c))

                if c in self._requiresLastMessageInfo:
                    result = f(query, msgId, msg, (lastSequenceId,
                                                   lastMessageId))
                else:
                    result = f(query, msgId, msg)

                if not result:
                    return False
        return True


    def search_ALL(self, query, id, msg):
        """
        Returns C{True} if the message matches the ALL search key (always).

        @type query: A L{list} of L{str}
        @param query: A list representing the parsed query string.

        @type id: L{int}
        @param id: The sequence number of the message being checked.

        @type msg: Provider of L{imap4.IMessage}
        """
        return True


    def search_ANSWERED(self, query, id, msg):
        """
        Returns C{True} if the message has been answered.

        @type query: A L{list} of L{str}
        @param query: A list representing the parsed query string.

        @type id: L{int}
        @param id: The sequence number of the message being checked.

        @type msg: Provider of L{imap4.IMessage}
        """
        return '\\Answered' in msg.getFlags()


    def search_BCC(self, query, id, msg):
        """
        Returns C{True} if the message has a BCC address matching the query.

        @type query: A L{list} of L{str}
        @param query: A list whose first element is a BCC L{str}

        @type id: L{int}
        @param id: The sequence number of the message being checked.

        @type msg: Provider of L{imap4.IMessage}
        """
        bcc = msg.getHeaders(False, 'bcc').get('bcc', '')
        return bcc.lower().find(query.pop(0).lower()) != -1


    def search_BEFORE(self, query, id, msg):
        date = parseTime(query.pop(0))
        return email.utils.parsedate(nativeString(msg.getInternalDate())) < date


    def search_BODY(self, query, id, msg):
        body = query.pop(0).lower()
        return text.strFile(body, msg.getBodyFile(), False)


    def search_CC(self, query, id, msg):
        cc = msg.getHeaders(False, 'cc').get('cc', '')
        return cc.lower().find(query.pop(0).lower()) != -1


    def search_DELETED(self, query, id, msg):
        return '\\Deleted' in msg.getFlags()


    def search_DRAFT(self, query, id, msg):
        return '\\Draft' in msg.getFlags()


    def search_FLAGGED(self, query, id, msg):
        return '\\Flagged' in msg.getFlags()


    def search_FROM(self, query, id, msg):
        fm = msg.getHeaders(False, 'from').get('from', '')
        return fm.lower().find(query.pop(0).lower()) != -1


    def search_HEADER(self, query, id, msg):
        hdr = query.pop(0).lower()
        hdr = msg.getHeaders(False, hdr).get(hdr, '')
        return hdr.lower().find(query.pop(0).lower()) != -1


    def search_KEYWORD(self, query, id, msg):
        query.pop(0)
        return False


    def search_LARGER(self, query, id, msg):
        return int(query.pop(0)) < msg.getSize()


    def search_NEW(self, query, id, msg):
        return '\\Recent' in msg.getFlags() and '\\Seen' not in msg.getFlags()


    def search_NOT(self, query, id, msg, lastIDs):
        """
        Returns C{True} if the message does not match the query.

        @type query: A L{list} of L{str}
        @param query: A list representing the parsed form of the search query.

        @type id: L{int}
        @param id: The sequence number of the message being checked.

        @type msg: Provider of L{imap4.IMessage}
        @param msg: The message being checked.

        @type lastIDs: L{tuple}
        @param lastIDs: A tuple of (last sequence id, last message id).
        The I{last sequence id} is an L{int} containing the highest sequence
        number of a message in the mailbox.  The I{last message id} is an
        L{int} containing the highest UID of a message in the mailbox.
        """
        (lastSequenceId, lastMessageId) = lastIDs
        return not self._singleSearchStep(query, id, msg,
                                          lastSequenceId, lastMessageId)


    def search_OLD(self, query, id, msg):
        return '\\Recent' not in msg.getFlags()


    def search_ON(self, query, id, msg):
        date = parseTime(query.pop(0))
        return email.utils.parsedate(msg.getInternalDate()) == date


    def search_OR(self, query, id, msg, lastIDs):
        """
        Returns C{True} if the message matches any of the first two query
        items.

        @type query: A L{list} of L{str}
        @param query: A list representing the parsed form of the search query.

        @type id: L{int}
        @param id: The sequence number of the message being checked.

        @type msg: Provider of L{imap4.IMessage}
        @param msg: The message being checked.

        @type lastIDs: L{tuple}
        @param lastIDs: A tuple of (last sequence id, last message id).
        The I{last sequence id} is an L{int} containing the highest sequence
        number of a message in the mailbox.  The I{last message id} is an
        L{int} containing the highest UID of a message in the mailbox.
        """
        (lastSequenceId, lastMessageId) = lastIDs
        a = self._singleSearchStep(query, id, msg,
                                   lastSequenceId, lastMessageId)
        b = self._singleSearchStep(query, id, msg,
                                   lastSequenceId, lastMessageId)
        return a or b


    def search_RECENT(self, query, id, msg):
        return '\\Recent' in msg.getFlags()


    def search_SEEN(self, query, id, msg):
        return '\\Seen' in msg.getFlags()


    def search_SENTBEFORE(self, query, id, msg):
        """
        Returns C{True} if the message date is earlier than the query date.

        @type query: A L{list} of L{str}
        @param query: A list whose first element starts with a stringified date
            that is a fragment of an L{imap4.Query()}. The date must be in the
            format 'DD-Mon-YYYY', for example '03-March-2003' or '03-Mar-2003'.

        @type id: L{int}
        @param id: The sequence number of the message being checked.

        @type msg: Provider of L{imap4.IMessage}
        """
        date = msg.getHeaders(False, 'date').get('date', '')
        date = email.utils.parsedate(date)
        return date < parseTime(query.pop(0))


    def search_SENTON(self, query, id, msg):
        """
        Returns C{True} if the message date is the same as the query date.

        @type query: A L{list} of L{str}
        @param query: A list whose first element starts with a stringified date
            that is a fragment of an L{imap4.Query()}. The date must be in the
            format 'DD-Mon-YYYY', for example '03-March-2003' or '03-Mar-2003'.

        @type msg: Provider of L{imap4.IMessage}
        """
        date = msg.getHeaders(False, 'date').get('date', '')
        date = email.utils.parsedate(date)
        return date[:3] == parseTime(query.pop(0))[:3]


    def search_SENTSINCE(self, query, id, msg):
        """
        Returns C{True} if the message date is later than the query date.

        @type query: A L{list} of L{str}
        @param query: A list whose first element starts with a stringified date
            that is a fragment of an L{imap4.Query()}. The date must be in the
            format 'DD-Mon-YYYY', for example '03-March-2003' or '03-Mar-2003'.

        @type msg: Provider of L{imap4.IMessage}
        """
        date = msg.getHeaders(False, 'date').get('date', '')
        date = email.utils.parsedate(date)
        return date > parseTime(query.pop(0))


    def search_SINCE(self, query, id, msg):
        date = parseTime(query.pop(0))
        return email.utils.parsedate(msg.getInternalDate()) > date


    def search_SMALLER(self, query, id, msg):
        return int(query.pop(0)) > msg.getSize()


    def search_SUBJECT(self, query, id, msg):
        subj = msg.getHeaders(False, 'subject').get('subject', '')
        return subj.lower().find(query.pop(0).lower()) != -1


    def search_TEXT(self, query, id, msg):
        # XXX - This must search headers too
        body = query.pop(0).lower()
        return text.strFile(body, msg.getBodyFile(), False)


    def search_TO(self, query, id, msg):
        to = msg.getHeaders(False, 'to').get('to', '')
        return to.lower().find(query.pop(0).lower()) != -1


    def search_UID(self, query, id, msg, lastIDs):
        """
        Returns C{True} if the message UID is in the range defined by the
        search query.

        @type query: A L{list} of L{bytes}
        @param query: A list representing the parsed form of the search
            query. Its first element should be a L{str} that can be interpreted
            as a sequence range, for example '2:4,5:*'.

        @type id: L{int}
        @param id: The sequence number of the message being checked.

        @type msg: Provider of L{imap4.IMessage}
        @param msg: The message being checked.

        @type lastIDs: L{tuple}
        @param lastIDs: A tuple of (last sequence id, last message id).
        The I{last sequence id} is an L{int} containing the highest sequence
        number of a message in the mailbox.  The I{last message id} is an
        L{int} containing the highest UID of a message in the mailbox.
        """
        (lastSequenceId, lastMessageId) = lastIDs
        c = query.pop(0)
        m = parseIdList(c, lastMessageId)
        return msg.getUID() in m


    def search_UNANSWERED(self, query, id, msg):
        return '\\Answered' not in msg.getFlags()


    def search_UNDELETED(self, query, id, msg):
        return '\\Deleted' not in msg.getFlags()


    def search_UNDRAFT(self, query, id, msg):
        return '\\Draft' not in msg.getFlags()


    def search_UNFLAGGED(self, query, id, msg):
        return '\\Flagged' not in msg.getFlags()


    def search_UNKEYWORD(self, query, id, msg):
        query.pop(0)
        return False


    def search_UNSEEN(self, query, id, msg):
        return '\\Seen' not in msg.getFlags()


    def __ebSearch(self, failure, tag):
        self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'SEARCH failed: ' +
                             networkString(str(failure.value)))
        log.err(failure)


    def do_FETCH(self, tag, messages, query, uid=0):
        if query:
            self._oldTimeout = self.setTimeout(None)
            maybeDeferred(self.mbox.fetch, messages, uid=uid
                ).addCallback(iter
                ).addCallback(self.__cbFetch, tag, query, uid
                ).addErrback(self.__ebFetch, tag
                )
        else:
            self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'FETCH complete')

    select_FETCH = (do_FETCH, arg_seqset, arg_fetchatt)


    def __cbFetch(self, results, tag, query, uid):
        if self.blocked is None:
            self.blocked = []
        try:
            id, msg = next(results)
        except StopIteration:
            # The idle timeout was suspended while we delivered results,
            # restore it now.
            self.setTimeout(self._oldTimeout)
            del self._oldTimeout

            # All results have been processed, deliver completion notification.

            # It's important to run this *after* resetting the timeout to "rig
            # a race" in some test code. writing to the transport will
            # synchronously call test code, which synchronously loses the
            # connection, calling our connectionLost method, which cancels the
            # timeout. We want to make sure that timeout is cancelled *after*
            # we reset it above, so that the final state is no timed
            # calls. This avoids reactor uncleanliness errors in the test
            # suite.
            # XXX: Perhaps loopback should be fixed to not call the user code
            # synchronously in transport.write?
            self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'FETCH completed')

            # Instance state is now consistent again (ie, it is as though
            # the fetch command never ran), so allow any pending blocked
            # commands to execute.
            self._unblock()
        else:
            self.spewMessage(id, msg, query, uid
                ).addCallback(lambda _: self.__cbFetch(results, tag, query, uid)
                ).addErrback(self.__ebSpewMessage
                )


    def __ebSpewMessage(self, failure):
        # This indicates a programming error.
        # There's no reliable way to indicate anything to the client, since we
        # may have already written an arbitrary amount of data in response to
        # the command.
        log.err(failure)
        self.transport.loseConnection()


    def spew_envelope(self, id, msg, _w=None, _f=None):
        if _w is None:
            _w = self.transport.write
        _w(b'ENVELOPE ' + collapseNestedLists([getEnvelope(msg)]))


    def spew_flags(self, id, msg, _w=None, _f=None):
        if _w is None:
            _w = self.transport.writen
        encodedFlags = [networkString(flag) for flag in msg.getFlags()]
        _w(b'FLAGS ' + b'(' + b' '.join(encodedFlags) + b')')


    def spew_internaldate(self, id, msg, _w=None, _f=None):
        if _w is None:
            _w = self.transport.write
        idate = msg.getInternalDate()
        ttup = email.utils.parsedate_tz(nativeString(idate))
        if ttup is None:
            log.msg("%d:%r: unpareseable internaldate: %r" % (id, msg, idate))
            raise IMAP4Exception("Internal failure generating INTERNALDATE")

        # need to specify the month manually, as strftime depends on locale
        strdate = time.strftime("%d-%%s-%Y %H:%M:%S ", ttup[:9])
        odate = networkString(strdate % (_MONTH_NAMES[ttup[1]],))
        if ttup[9] is None:
            odate = odate + b"+0000"
        else:
            if ttup[9] >= 0:
                sign = b"+"
            else:
                sign = b"-"
            odate = odate + sign + intToBytes(
                ((abs(ttup[9]) // 3600) * 100 +
                 (abs(ttup[9]) % 3600) // 60)
            ).zfill(4)
        _w(b'INTERNALDATE ' + _quote(odate))


    def spew_rfc822header(self, id, msg, _w=None, _f=None):
        if _w is None:
            _w = self.transport.write
        hdrs = _formatHeaders(msg.getHeaders(True))
        _w(b'RFC822.HEADER ' + _literal(hdrs))


    def spew_rfc822text(self, id, msg, _w=None, _f=None):
        if _w is None:
            _w = self.transport.write
        _w(b'RFC822.TEXT ')
        _f()
        return FileProducer(msg.getBodyFile()
            ).beginProducing(self.transport
            )


    def spew_rfc822size(self, id, msg, _w=None, _f=None):
        if _w is None:
            _w = self.transport.write
        _w(b'RFC822.SIZE ' + intToBytes(msg.getSize()))


    def spew_rfc822(self, id, msg, _w=None, _f=None):
        if _w is None:
            _w = self.transport.write
        _w(b'RFC822 ')
        _f()
        mf = IMessageFile(msg, None)
        if mf is not None:
            return FileProducer(mf.open()
                ).beginProducing(self.transport
                )
        return MessageProducer(msg, None, self._scheduler
            ).beginProducing(self.transport
            )


    def spew_uid(self, id, msg, _w=None, _f=None):
        if _w is None:
            _w = self.transport.write
        _w(b'UID ' + intToBytes(msg.getUID()))


    def spew_bodystructure(self, id, msg, _w=None, _f=None):
        _w(b'BODYSTRUCTURE ' + collapseNestedLists([getBodyStructure(msg, True)]))


    def spew_body(self, part, id, msg, _w=None, _f=None):
        if _w is None:
            _w = self.transport.write
        for p in part.part:
            if msg.isMultipart():
                msg = msg.getSubPart(p)
            elif p > 0:
                # Non-multipart messages have an implicit first part but no
                # other parts - reject any request for any other part.
                raise TypeError("Requested subpart of non-multipart message")

        if part.header:
            hdrs = msg.getHeaders(part.header.negate, *part.header.fields)
            hdrs = _formatHeaders(hdrs)
            _w(part.__bytes__() + b' ' + _literal(hdrs))
        elif part.text:
            _w(part.__bytes__() + b' ')
            _f()
            return FileProducer(msg.getBodyFile()
                ).beginProducing(self.transport
                )
        elif part.mime:
            hdrs = _formatHeaders(msg.getHeaders(True))
            _w(part.__bytes__() + b' ' + _literal(hdrs))
        elif part.empty:
            _w(part.__bytes__() + b' ')
            _f()
            if part.part:
                return FileProducer(msg.getBodyFile()
                    ).beginProducing(self.transport
                    )
            else:
                mf = IMessageFile(msg, None)
                if mf is not None:
                    return FileProducer(mf.open()).beginProducing(self.transport)
                return MessageProducer(msg, None, self._scheduler).beginProducing(self.transport)

        else:
            _w(b'BODY ' + collapseNestedLists([getBodyStructure(msg)]))


    def spewMessage(self, id, msg, query, uid):
        wbuf = WriteBuffer(self.transport)
        write = wbuf.write
        flush = wbuf.flush
        def start():
            write(b'* %d FETCH (' % (id,))
        def finish():
            write(b')\r\n')
        def space():
            write(b' ')

        def spew():
            seenUID = False
            start()
            for part in query:
                if part.type == 'uid':
                    seenUID = True
                if part.type == 'body':
                    yield self.spew_body(part, id, msg, write, flush)
                else:
                    f = getattr(self, 'spew_' + part.type)
                    yield f(id, msg, write, flush)
                if part is not query[-1]:
                    space()
            if uid and not seenUID:
                space()
                yield self.spew_uid(id, msg, write, flush)
            finish()
            flush()
        return self._scheduler(spew())


    def __ebFetch(self, failure, tag):
        self.setTimeout(self._oldTimeout)
        del self._oldTimeout
        log.err(failure)
        self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'FETCH failed: ' +
                             networkString(str(failure.value)))


    def do_STORE(self, tag, messages, mode, flags, uid=0):
        mode = mode.upper()
        silent = mode.endswith(b'SILENT')
        if mode.startswith(b'+'):
            mode = 1
        elif mode.startswith(b'-'):
            mode = -1
        else:
            mode = 0

        flags = [nativeString(flag) for flag in flags]
        maybeDeferred(self.mbox.store, messages, flags, mode, uid=uid).addCallbacks(
            self.__cbStore, self.__ebStore, (tag, self.mbox, uid, silent), None, (tag,), None
        )

    select_STORE = (do_STORE, arg_seqset, arg_atom, arg_flaglist)


    def __cbStore(self, result, tag, mbox, uid, silent):
        if result and not silent:
            for (k, v) in result.items():
                if uid:
                    uidstr = b' UID ' + intToBytes(mbox.getUID(k))
                else:
                    uidstr = b''

                flags = [networkString(flag) for flag in v]
                self.sendUntaggedResponse(
                    intToBytes(k) +
                    b' FETCH (FLAGS ('+ b' '.join(flags) + b')' +
                    uidstr + b')')
        self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'STORE completed')


    def __ebStore(self, failure, tag):
        self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'Server error: ' +
                             networkString(str(failure.value)))


    def do_COPY(self, tag, messages, mailbox, uid=0):
        mailbox = self._parseMbox(mailbox)
        maybeDeferred(self.account.select, mailbox
            ).addCallback(self._cbCopySelectedMailbox, tag, messages, mailbox, uid
            ).addErrback(self._ebCopySelectedMailbox, tag
            )
    select_COPY = (do_COPY, arg_seqset, arg_finalastring)


    def _cbCopySelectedMailbox(self, mbox, tag, messages, mailbox, uid):
        if not mbox:
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, 'No such mailbox: ' + mailbox)
        else:
            maybeDeferred(self.mbox.fetch, messages, uid
                ).addCallback(self.__cbCopy, tag, mbox
                ).addCallback(self.__cbCopied, tag, mbox
                ).addErrback(self.__ebCopy, tag
                )


    def _ebCopySelectedMailbox(self, failure, tag):
        self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'Server error: ' +
                             networkString(str(failure.value)))


    def __cbCopy(self, messages, tag, mbox):
        # XXX - This should handle failures with a rollback or something
        addedDeferreds = []

        fastCopyMbox = IMessageCopier(mbox, None)
        for (id, msg) in messages:
            if fastCopyMbox is not None:
                d = maybeDeferred(fastCopyMbox.copy, msg)
                addedDeferreds.append(d)
                continue

            # XXX - The following should be an implementation of IMessageCopier.copy
            # on an IMailbox->IMessageCopier adapter.

            flags = msg.getFlags()
            date = msg.getInternalDate()

            body = IMessageFile(msg, None)
            if body is not None:
                bodyFile = body.open()
                d = maybeDeferred(mbox.addMessage, bodyFile, flags, date)
            else:
                def rewind(f):
                    f.seek(0)
                    return f
                buffer = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
                d = MessageProducer(msg, buffer, self._scheduler
                    ).beginProducing(None
                    ).addCallback(lambda _, b=buffer, f=flags, d=date: mbox.addMessage(rewind(b), f, d)
                    )
            addedDeferreds.append(d)
        return defer.DeferredList(addedDeferreds)


    def __cbCopied(self, deferredIds, tag, mbox):
        ids = []
        failures = []
        for (status, result) in deferredIds:
            if status:
                ids.append(result)
            else:
                failures.append(result.value)
        if failures:
            self.sendNegativeResponse(tag, '[ALERT] Some messages were not copied')
        else:
            self.sendPositiveResponse(tag, b'COPY completed')


    def __ebCopy(self, failure, tag):
        self.sendBadResponse(tag, b'COPY failed:' +
                             networkString(str(failure.value)))
        log.err(failure)


    def do_UID(self, tag, command, line):
        command = command.upper()

        if command not in (b'COPY', b'FETCH', b'STORE', b'SEARCH'):
            raise IllegalClientResponse(command)

        self.dispatchCommand(tag, command, line, uid=1)

    select_UID = (do_UID, arg_atom, arg_line)


    #
    # IMailboxListener implementation
    #
    def modeChanged(self, writeable):
        if writeable:
            self.sendUntaggedResponse(message=b'[READ-WRITE]', async=True)
        else:
            self.sendUntaggedResponse(message=b'[READ-ONLY]', async=True)


    def flagsChanged(self, newFlags):
        for (mId, flags) in newFlags.items():
            encodedFlags = [networkString(flag) for flag in flags]
            msg = intToBytes(mId) + (
                b' FETCH (FLAGS (' +b' '.join(encodedFlags) + b'))'
            )
            self.sendUntaggedResponse(msg, async=True)


    def newMessages(self, exists, recent):
        if exists is not None:
            self.sendUntaggedResponse(intToBytes(exists) + b' EXISTS', async=True)
        if recent is not None:
            self.sendUntaggedResponse(intToBytes(recent) + b' RECENT', async=True)


TIMEOUT_ERROR = error.TimeoutError()

@implementer(IMailboxListener)
class IMAP4Client(basic.LineReceiver, policies.TimeoutMixin):
    """IMAP4 client protocol implementation

    @ivar state: A string representing the state the connection is currently
    in.
    """
    tags = None
    waiting = None
    queued = None
    tagID = 1
    state = None

    startedTLS = False

    # Number of seconds to wait before timing out a connection.
    # If the number is <= 0 no timeout checking will be performed.
    timeout = 0

    # Capabilities are not allowed to change during the session
    # So cache the first response and use that for all later
    # lookups
    _capCache = None

    _memoryFileLimit = 1024 * 1024 * 10

    # Authentication is pluggable.  This maps names to IClientAuthentication
    # objects.
    authenticators = None

    STATUS_CODES = ('OK', 'NO', 'BAD', 'PREAUTH', 'BYE')

    STATUS_TRANSFORMATIONS = {
        'MESSAGES': int, 'RECENT': int, 'UNSEEN': int
    }

    context = None

    def __init__(self, contextFactory = None):
        self.tags = {}
        self.queued = []
        self.authenticators = {}
        self.context = contextFactory

        self._tag = None
        self._parts = None
        self._lastCmd = None


    def registerAuthenticator(self, auth):
        """
        Register a new form of authentication

        When invoking the authenticate() method of IMAP4Client, the first
        matching authentication scheme found will be used.  The ordering is
        that in which the server lists support authentication schemes.

        @type auth: Implementor of C{IClientAuthentication}
        @param auth: The object to use to perform the client
        side of this authentication scheme.
        """
        self.authenticators[auth.getName().upper()] = auth


    def rawDataReceived(self, data):
        if self.timeout > 0:
            self.resetTimeout()

        self._pendingSize -= len(data)
        if self._pendingSize > 0:
            self._pendingBuffer.write(data)
        else:
            passon = b''
            if self._pendingSize < 0:
                data, passon = data[:self._pendingSize], data[self._pendingSize:]
            self._pendingBuffer.write(data)
            rest = self._pendingBuffer
            self._pendingBuffer = None
            self._pendingSize = None
            rest.seek(0, 0)
            self._parts.append(rest.read())
            self.setLineMode(passon.lstrip(b'\r\n'))

#    def sendLine(self, line):
#        print 'S:', repr(line)
#        return basic.LineReceiver.sendLine(self, line)


    def _setupForLiteral(self, rest, octets):
        self._pendingBuffer = self.messageFile(octets)
        self._pendingSize = octets
        if self._parts is None:
            self._parts = [rest, b'\r\n']
        else:
            self._parts.extend([rest, b'\r\n'])
        self.setRawMode()


    def connectionMade(self):
        if self.timeout > 0:
            self.setTimeout(self.timeout)


    def connectionLost(self, reason):
        """
        We are no longer connected
        """
        if self.timeout > 0:
            self.setTimeout(None)
        if self.queued is not None:
            queued = self.queued
            self.queued = None
            for cmd in queued:
                cmd.defer.errback(reason)
        if self.tags is not None:
            tags = self.tags
            self.tags = None
            for cmd in tags.values():
                if cmd is not None and cmd.defer is not None:
                    cmd.defer.errback(reason)


    def lineReceived(self, line):
        """
        Attempt to parse a single line from the server.

        @type line: L{bytes}
        @param line: The line from the server, without the line delimiter.

        @raise IllegalServerResponse: If the line or some part of the line
            does not represent an allowed message from the server at this time.
        """
#        print('C: ' + repr(line))
        if self.timeout > 0:
            self.resetTimeout()

        lastPart = line.rfind(b'{')
        if lastPart != -1:
            lastPart = line[lastPart + 1:]
            if lastPart.endswith(b'}'):
                # It's a literal a-comin' in
                try:
                    octets = int(lastPart[:-1])
                except ValueError:
                    raise IllegalServerResponse(line)
                if self._parts is None:
                    self._tag, parts = line.split(None, 1)
                else:
                    parts = line
                self._setupForLiteral(parts, octets)
                return

        if self._parts is None:
            # It isn't a literal at all
            self._regularDispatch(line)
        else:
            # If an expression is in progress, no tag is required here
            # Since we didn't find a literal indicator, this expression
            # is done.
            self._parts.append(line)
            tag, rest = self._tag, b''.join(self._parts)
            self._tag = self._parts = None
            self.dispatchCommand(tag, rest)


    def timeoutConnection(self):
        if self._lastCmd and self._lastCmd.defer is not None:
            d, self._lastCmd.defer = self._lastCmd.defer, None
            d.errback(TIMEOUT_ERROR)

        if self.queued:
            for cmd in self.queued:
                if cmd.defer is not None:
                    d, cmd.defer = cmd.defer, d
                    d.errback(TIMEOUT_ERROR)

        self.transport.loseConnection()


    def _regularDispatch(self, line):
        parts = line.split(None, 1)
        if len(parts) != 2:
            parts.append(b'')
        tag, rest = parts
        self.dispatchCommand(tag, rest)


    def messageFile(self, octets):
        """
        Create a file to which an incoming message may be written.

        @type octets: L{int}
        @param octets: The number of octets which will be written to the file

        @rtype: Any object which implements C{write(string)} and
        C{seek(int, int)}
        @return: A file-like object
        """
        if octets > self._memoryFileLimit:
            return tempfile.TemporaryFile()
        else:
            return BytesIO()


    def makeTag(self):
        tag = (u'%0.4X' % self.tagID).encode("ascii")
        self.tagID += 1
        return tag


    def dispatchCommand(self, tag, rest):
        if self.state is None:
            f = self.response_UNAUTH
        else:
            f = getattr(self, 'response_' + self.state.upper(), None)
        if f:
            try:
                f(tag, rest)
            except:
                log.err()
                self.transport.loseConnection()
        else:
            log.err("Cannot dispatch: %s, %r, %r" % (self.state, tag, rest))
            self.transport.loseConnection()


    def response_UNAUTH(self, tag, rest):
        if self.state is None:
            # Server greeting, this is
            status, rest = rest.split(None, 1)
            if status.upper() == b'OK':
                self.state = 'unauth'
            elif status.upper() == b'PREAUTH':
                self.state = 'auth'
            else:
                # XXX - This is rude.
                self.transport.loseConnection()
                raise IllegalServerResponse(tag + b' ' + rest)

            b, e = rest.find(b'['), rest.find(b']')
            if b != -1 and e != -1:
                self.serverGreeting(
                    self.__cbCapabilities(
                        ([parseNestedParens(rest[b + 1:e])], None)))
            else:
                self.serverGreeting(None)
        else:
            self._defaultHandler(tag, rest)


    def response_AUTH(self, tag, rest):
        self._defaultHandler(tag, rest)


    def _defaultHandler(self, tag, rest):
        if tag == b'*' or tag == b'+':
            if not self.waiting:
                self._extraInfo([parseNestedParens(rest)])
            else:
                cmd = self.tags[self.waiting]
                if tag == b'+':
                    cmd.continuation(rest)
                else:
                    cmd.lines.append(rest)
        else:
            try:
                cmd = self.tags[tag]
            except KeyError:
                # XXX - This is rude.
                self.transport.loseConnection()
                raise IllegalServerResponse(tag + b' ' + rest)
            else:
                status, line = rest.split(None, 1)
                if status == b'OK':
                    # Give them this last line, too
                    cmd.finish(rest, self._extraInfo)
                else:
                    cmd.defer.errback(IMAP4Exception(line))
                del self.tags[tag]
                self.waiting = None
                self._flushQueue()


    def _flushQueue(self):
        if self.queued:
            cmd = self.queued.pop(0)
            t = self.makeTag()
            self.tags[t] = cmd
            self.sendLine(cmd.format(t))
            self.waiting = t


    def _extraInfo(self, lines):
        # XXX - This is terrible.
        # XXX - Also, this should collapse temporally proximate calls into single
        #       invocations of IMailboxListener methods, where possible.
        flags = {}
        recent = exists = None
        for response in lines:
            elements = len(response)
            if elements == 1 and response[0] == [b'READ-ONLY']:
                self.modeChanged(False)
            elif elements == 1 and response[0] == [b'READ-WRITE']:
                self.modeChanged(True)
            elif elements == 2 and response[1] == b'EXISTS':
                exists = int(response[0])
            elif elements == 2 and response[1] == b'RECENT':
                recent = int(response[0])
            elif elements == 3 and response[1] == b'FETCH':
                mId = int(response[0])
                values, _ = self._parseFetchPairs(response[2])
                flags.setdefault(mId, []).extend(values.get('FLAGS', ()))
            else:
                log.msg('Unhandled unsolicited response: %s' % (response,))

        if flags:
            self.flagsChanged(flags)
        if recent is not None or exists is not None:
            self.newMessages(exists, recent)


    def sendCommand(self, cmd):
        cmd.defer = defer.Deferred()
        if self.waiting:
            self.queued.append(cmd)
            return cmd.defer
        t = self.makeTag()
        self.tags[t] = cmd
        self.sendLine(cmd.format(t))
        self.waiting = t
        self._lastCmd = cmd
        return cmd.defer


    def getCapabilities(self, useCache=1):
        """
        Request the capabilities available on this server.

        This command is allowed in any state of connection.

        @type useCache: C{bool}
        @param useCache: Specify whether to use the capability-cache or to
        re-retrieve the capabilities from the server.  Server capabilities
        should never change, so for normal use, this flag should never be
        false.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback will be invoked with a
        dictionary mapping capability types to lists of supported
        mechanisms, or to None if a support list is not applicable.
        """
        if useCache and self._capCache is not None:
            return defer.succeed(self._capCache)
        cmd = b'CAPABILITY'
        resp = (b'CAPABILITY',)
        d = self.sendCommand(Command(cmd, wantResponse=resp))
        d.addCallback(self.__cbCapabilities)
        return d


    def __cbCapabilities(self, result):
        (lines, tagline) = result
        caps = {}
        for rest in lines:
            for cap in rest[1:]:
                parts = cap.split(b'=', 1)
                if len(parts) == 1:
                    category, value = parts[0], None
                else:
                    category, value = parts
                caps.setdefault(category, []).append(value)

        # Preserve a non-ideal API for backwards compatibility.  It would
        # probably be entirely sensible to have an object with a wider API than
        # dict here so this could be presented less insanely.
        for category in caps:
            if caps[category] == [None]:
                caps[category] = None
        self._capCache = caps
        return caps


    def logout(self):
        """
        Inform the server that we are done with the connection.

        This command is allowed in any state of connection.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback will be invoked with None
        when the proper server acknowledgement has been received.
        """
        d = self.sendCommand(Command(b'LOGOUT', wantResponse=(b'BYE',)))
        d.addCallback(self.__cbLogout)
        return d


    def __cbLogout(self, result):
        (lines, tagline) = result
        self.transport.loseConnection()
        # We don't particularly care what the server said
        return None


    def noop(self):
        """
        Perform no operation.

        This command is allowed in any state of connection.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback will be invoked with a list
        of untagged status updates the server responds with.
        """
        d = self.sendCommand(Command(b'NOOP'))
        d.addCallback(self.__cbNoop)
        return d


    def __cbNoop(self, result):
        # Conceivable, this is elidable.
        # It is, afterall, a no-op.
        (lines, tagline) = result
        return lines


    def startTLS(self, contextFactory=None):
        """
        Initiates a 'STARTTLS' request and negotiates the TLS / SSL
        Handshake.

        @param contextFactory: The TLS / SSL Context Factory to
        leverage.  If the contextFactory is None the IMAP4Client will
        either use the current TLS / SSL Context Factory or attempt to
        create a new one.

        @type contextFactory: C{ssl.ClientContextFactory}

        @return: A Deferred which fires when the transport has been
        secured according to the given contextFactory, or which fails
        if the transport cannot be secured.
        """
        assert not self.startedTLS, "Client and Server are currently communicating via TLS"
        if contextFactory is None:
            contextFactory = self._getContextFactory()

        if contextFactory is None:
            return defer.fail(IMAP4Exception(
                "IMAP4Client requires a TLS context to "
                "initiate the STARTTLS handshake"))

        if b'STARTTLS' not in self._capCache:
            return defer.fail(IMAP4Exception(
                "Server does not support secure communication "
                "via TLS / SSL"))

        tls = interfaces.ITLSTransport(self.transport, None)
        if tls is None:
            return defer.fail(IMAP4Exception(
                "IMAP4Client transport does not implement "
                "interfaces.ITLSTransport"))

        d = self.sendCommand(Command(b'STARTTLS'))
        d.addCallback(self._startedTLS, contextFactory)
        d.addCallback(lambda _: self.getCapabilities())
        return d


    def authenticate(self, secret):
        """
        Attempt to enter the authenticated state with the server

        This command is allowed in the Non-Authenticated state.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked if the authentication
        succeeds and whose errback will be invoked otherwise.
        """
        if self._capCache is None:
            d = self.getCapabilities()
        else:
            d = defer.succeed(self._capCache)
        d.addCallback(self.__cbAuthenticate, secret)
        return d


    def __cbAuthenticate(self, caps, secret):
        auths = caps.get(b'AUTH', ())
        for scheme in auths:
            if scheme.upper() in self.authenticators:
                cmd = Command(b'AUTHENTICATE', scheme, (),
                              self.__cbContinueAuth, scheme,
                              secret)
                return self.sendCommand(cmd)

        if self.startedTLS:
            return defer.fail(NoSupportedAuthentication(
                auths, self.authenticators.keys()))
        else:
            def ebStartTLS(err):
                err.trap(IMAP4Exception)
                # We couldn't negotiate TLS for some reason
                return defer.fail(NoSupportedAuthentication(
                    auths, self.authenticators.keys()))

            d = self.startTLS()
            d.addErrback(ebStartTLS)
            d.addCallback(lambda _: self.getCapabilities())
            d.addCallback(self.__cbAuthTLS, secret)
            return d


    def __cbContinueAuth(self, rest, scheme, secret):
        try:
            chal = decodebytes(rest + b'\n')
        except binascii.Error:
            self.sendLine(b'*')
            raise IllegalServerResponse(rest)
        else:
            auth = self.authenticators[scheme]
            chal = auth.challengeResponse(secret, chal)
            self.sendLine(encodebytes(chal).strip())


    def __cbAuthTLS(self, caps, secret):
        auths = caps.get(b'AUTH', ())
        for scheme in auths:
            if scheme.upper() in self.authenticators:
                cmd = Command(b'AUTHENTICATE', scheme, (),
                              self.__cbContinueAuth, scheme,
                              secret)
                return self.sendCommand(cmd)
        raise NoSupportedAuthentication(auths, self.authenticators.keys())


    def login(self, username, password):
        """
        Authenticate with the server using a username and password

        This command is allowed in the Non-Authenticated state.  If the
        server supports the STARTTLS capability and our transport supports
        TLS, TLS is negotiated before the login command is issued.

        A more secure way to log in is to use C{startTLS} or
        C{authenticate} or both.

        @type username: L{str}
        @param username: The username to log in with

        @type password: L{str}
        @param password: The password to log in with

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked if login is successful
        and whose errback is invoked otherwise.
        """
        d = maybeDeferred(self.getCapabilities)
        d.addCallback(self.__cbLoginCaps, username, password)
        return d


    def serverGreeting(self, caps):
        """
        Called when the server has sent us a greeting.

        @type caps: C{dict}
        @param caps: Capabilities the server advertised in its greeting.
        """


    def _getContextFactory(self):
        if self.context is not None:
            return self.context
        try:
            from twisted.internet import ssl
        except ImportError:
            return None
        else:
            context = ssl.ClientContextFactory()
            context.method = ssl.SSL.TLSv1_METHOD
            return context


    def __cbLoginCaps(self, capabilities, username, password):
        # If the server advertises STARTTLS, we might want to try to switch to TLS
        tryTLS = b'STARTTLS' in capabilities

        # If our transport supports switching to TLS, we might want to try to switch to TLS.
        tlsableTransport = interfaces.ITLSTransport(self.transport, None) is not None

        # If our transport is not already using TLS, we might want to try to switch to TLS.
        nontlsTransport = interfaces.ISSLTransport(self.transport, None) is None

        if not self.startedTLS and tryTLS and tlsableTransport and nontlsTransport:
            d = self.startTLS()

            d.addCallbacks(
                self.__cbLoginTLS,
                self.__ebLoginTLS,
                callbackArgs=(username, password),
                )
            return d
        else:
            if nontlsTransport:
                log.msg("Server has no TLS support. logging in over cleartext!")
            args = b' '.join((_quote(username), _quote(password)))
            return self.sendCommand(Command(b'LOGIN', args))


    def _startedTLS(self, result, context):
        self.transport.startTLS(context)
        self._capCache = None
        self.startedTLS = True
        return result


    def __cbLoginTLS(self, result, username, password):
        args = b' '.join((_quote(username), _quote(password)))
        return self.sendCommand(Command(b'LOGIN', args))


    def __ebLoginTLS(self, failure):
        log.err(failure)
        return failure


    def namespace(self):
        """
        Retrieve information about the namespaces available to this account

        This command is allowed in the Authenticated and Selected states.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with namespace
        information.  An example of this information is::

            [[['', '/']], [], []]

        which indicates a single personal namespace called '' with '/'
        as its hierarchical delimiter, and no shared or user namespaces.
        """
        cmd = b'NAMESPACE'
        resp = (b'NAMESPACE',)
        d = self.sendCommand(Command(cmd, wantResponse=resp))
        d.addCallback(self.__cbNamespace)
        return d


    def __cbNamespace(self, result):
        (lines, last) = result

        # Namespaces and their delimiters qualify and delimit
        # mailboxes, so they should be native strings
        #
        # On Python 2, no decoding is necessary to maintain
        # the API contract.
        #
        # On Python 3, users specify mailboxes with native strings, so
        # they should receive namespaces and delimiters as native
        # strings.  Both cases are possible because of the imap4-utf-7
        # encoding.
        if _PY3:
            def _prepareNamespaceOrDelimiter(namespaceList):
                return [
                    element.decode('imap4-utf-7') for element in namespaceList
                ]
        else:
            def _prepareNamespaceOrDelimiter(element):
                return element

        for parts in lines:
            if len(parts) == 4 and parts[0] == b'NAMESPACE':
                return [
                    []
                    if pairOrNone is None else
                    [
                        _prepareNamespaceOrDelimiter(value)
                        for value in pairOrNone
                    ]
                    for pairOrNone in parts[1:]
                ]
        log.err("No NAMESPACE response to NAMESPACE command")
        return [[], [], []]


    def select(self, mailbox):
        """
        Select a mailbox

        This command is allowed in the Authenticated and Selected states.

        @type mailbox: L{str}
        @param mailbox: The name of the mailbox to select

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with mailbox
        information if the select is successful and whose errback is
        invoked otherwise.  Mailbox information consists of a dictionary
        with the following L{str} keys and values::

                FLAGS: A list of strings containing the flags settable on
                        messages in this mailbox.

                EXISTS: An integer indicating the number of messages in this
                        mailbox.

                RECENT: An integer indicating the number of "recent"
                        messages in this mailbox.

                UNSEEN: The message sequence number (an integer) of the
                        first unseen message in the mailbox.

                PERMANENTFLAGS: A list of strings containing the flags that
                        can be permanently set on messages in this mailbox.

                UIDVALIDITY: An integer uniquely identifying this mailbox.
        """
        cmd = b'SELECT'
        args = _prepareMailboxName(mailbox)
        # This appears not to be used, so we can use native strings to
        # indicate that the return type is native strings.
        resp = ('FLAGS', 'EXISTS', 'RECENT',
                'UNSEEN', 'PERMANENTFLAGS', 'UIDVALIDITY')
        d = self.sendCommand(Command(cmd, args, wantResponse=resp))
        d.addCallback(self.__cbSelect, 1)
        return d


    def examine(self, mailbox):
        """
        Select a mailbox in read-only mode

        This command is allowed in the Authenticated and Selected states.

        @type mailbox: L{str}
        @param mailbox: The name of the mailbox to examine

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with mailbox
        information if the examine is successful and whose errback
        is invoked otherwise.  Mailbox information consists of a dictionary
        with the following keys and values::

            'FLAGS': A list of strings containing the flags settable on
                        messages in this mailbox.

            'EXISTS': An integer indicating the number of messages in this
                        mailbox.

            'RECENT': An integer indicating the number of \"recent\"
                        messages in this mailbox.

            'UNSEEN': An integer indicating the number of messages not
                        flagged \\Seen in this mailbox.

            'PERMANENTFLAGS': A list of strings containing the flags that
                        can be permanently set on messages in this mailbox.

            'UIDVALIDITY': An integer uniquely identifying this mailbox.
        """
        cmd = b'EXAMINE'
        args = _prepareMailboxName(mailbox)
        resp = (b'FLAGS', b'EXISTS', b'RECENT', b'UNSEEN', b'PERMANENTFLAGS', b'UIDVALIDITY')
        d = self.sendCommand(Command(cmd, args, wantResponse=resp))
        d.addCallback(self.__cbSelect, 0)
        return d


    def _intOrRaise(self, value, phrase):
        """
        Parse C{value} as an integer and return the result or raise
        L{IllegalServerResponse} with C{phrase} as an argument if C{value}
        cannot be parsed as an integer.
        """
        try:
            return int(value)
        except ValueError:
            raise IllegalServerResponse(phrase)


    def __cbSelect(self, result, rw):
        """
        Handle lines received in response to a SELECT or EXAMINE command.

        See RFC 3501, section 6.3.1.
        """
        (lines, tagline) = result
        # In the absence of specification, we are free to assume:
        #   READ-WRITE access
        datum = {'READ-WRITE': rw}
        lines.append(parseNestedParens(tagline))
        for split in lines:
            if len(split) > 0 and split[0].upper() == b'OK':
                # Handle all the kinds of OK response.
                content = split[1]
                if isinstance(content, list):
                    key = content[0]
                else:
                    # not multi-valued, like OK LOGIN
                    key = content
                key = key.upper()
                if key == b'READ-ONLY':
                    datum['READ-WRITE'] = False
                elif key == b'READ-WRITE':
                    datum['READ-WRITE'] = True
                elif key == b'UIDVALIDITY':
                    datum['UIDVALIDITY'] = self._intOrRaise(content[1], split)
                elif key == b'UNSEEN':
                    datum['UNSEEN'] = self._intOrRaise(content[1], split)
                elif key == b'UIDNEXT':
                    datum['UIDNEXT'] = self._intOrRaise(content[1], split)
                elif key == b'PERMANENTFLAGS':
                    datum['PERMANENTFLAGS'] = tuple(
                        nativeString(flag) for flag in content[1])
                else:
                    log.err('Unhandled SELECT response (2): %s' % (split,))
            elif len(split) == 2:
                # Handle FLAGS, EXISTS, and RECENT
                if split[0].upper() == b'FLAGS':
                    datum['FLAGS'] = tuple(
                        nativeString(flag) for flag in split[1])
                elif isinstance(split[1], bytes):
                    # Must make sure things are strings before treating them as
                    # strings since some other forms of response have nesting in
                    # places which results in lists instead.
                    if split[1].upper() == b'EXISTS':
                        datum['EXISTS'] = self._intOrRaise(split[0], split)
                    elif split[1].upper() == b'RECENT':
                        datum['RECENT'] = self._intOrRaise(split[0], split)
                    else:
                        log.err('Unhandled SELECT response (0): %s' % (split,))
                else:
                    log.err('Unhandled SELECT response (1): %s' % (split,))
            else:
                log.err('Unhandled SELECT response (4): %s' % (split,))
        return datum


    def create(self, name):
        """
        Create a new mailbox on the server

        This command is allowed in the Authenticated and Selected states.

        @type name: L{str}
        @param name: The name of the mailbox to create.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked if the mailbox creation
        is successful and whose errback is invoked otherwise.
        """
        return self.sendCommand(Command(b'CREATE', _prepareMailboxName(name)))


    def delete(self, name):
        """
        Delete a mailbox

        This command is allowed in the Authenticated and Selected states.

        @type name: L{str}
        @param name: The name of the mailbox to delete.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose calblack is invoked if the mailbox is
        deleted successfully and whose errback is invoked otherwise.
        """
        return self.sendCommand(Command(b'DELETE', _prepareMailboxName(name)))


    def rename(self, oldname, newname):
        """
        Rename a mailbox

        This command is allowed in the Authenticated and Selected states.

        @type oldname: L{str}
        @param oldname: The current name of the mailbox to rename.

        @type newname: L{str}
        @param newname: The new name to give the mailbox.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked if the rename is
        successful and whose errback is invoked otherwise.
        """
        oldname = _prepareMailboxName(oldname)
        newname = _prepareMailboxName(newname)
        return self.sendCommand(Command(b'RENAME', b' '.join((oldname, newname))))


    def subscribe(self, name):
        """
        Add a mailbox to the subscription list

        This command is allowed in the Authenticated and Selected states.

        @type name: L{str}
        @param name: The mailbox to mark as 'active' or 'subscribed'

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked if the subscription
        is successful and whose errback is invoked otherwise.
        """
        return self.sendCommand(Command(b'SUBSCRIBE', _prepareMailboxName(name)))


    def unsubscribe(self, name):
        """
        Remove a mailbox from the subscription list

        This command is allowed in the Authenticated and Selected states.

        @type name: L{str}
        @param name: The mailbox to unsubscribe

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked if the unsubscription
        is successful and whose errback is invoked otherwise.
        """
        return self.sendCommand(Command(b'UNSUBSCRIBE', _prepareMailboxName(name)))


    def list(self, reference, wildcard):
        """
        List a subset of the available mailboxes

        This command is allowed in the Authenticated and Selected
        states.

        @type reference: L{str}
        @param reference: The context in which to interpret
            C{wildcard}

        @type wildcard: L{str}
        @param wildcard: The pattern of mailbox names to match,
            optionally including either or both of the '*' and '%'
            wildcards.  '*' will match zero or more characters and
            cross hierarchical boundaries.  '%' will also match zero
            or more characters, but is limited to a single
            hierarchical level.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with a list of
            L{tuple}s, the first element of which is a L{tuple} of
            mailbox flags, the second element of which is the
            hierarchy delimiter for this mailbox, and the third of
            which is the mailbox name; if the command is unsuccessful,
            the deferred's errback is invoked instead.  B{NB}: the
            delimiter and the mailbox name are L{str}s.
        """
        cmd = b'LIST'
        args = ('"%s" "%s"' % (reference, wildcard)).encode("imap4-utf-7")
        resp = (b'LIST',)
        d = self.sendCommand(Command(cmd, args, wantResponse=resp))
        d.addCallback(self.__cbList, b'LIST')
        return d


    def lsub(self, reference, wildcard):
        """
        List a subset of the subscribed available mailboxes

        This command is allowed in the Authenticated and Selected states.

        The parameters and returned object are the same as for the L{list}
        method, with one slight difference: Only mailboxes which have been
        subscribed can be included in the resulting list.
        """
        cmd = b'LSUB'

        encodedReference = reference.encode('ascii')
        encodedWildcard = wildcard.encode('imap4-utf-7')
        args = b"".join([
            b'"', encodedReference, b'"'
            b' "', encodedWildcard, b'"',
        ])
        resp = (b'LSUB',)
        d = self.sendCommand(Command(cmd, args, wantResponse=resp))
        d.addCallback(self.__cbList, b'LSUB')
        return d


    def __cbList(self, result, command):
        (lines, last) = result
        results = []

        for parts in lines:
            if len(parts) == 4 and parts[0] == command:
                # flags
                parts[1] = tuple(nativeString(flag) for flag in parts[1])

                # The mailbox should be a native string.
                # On Python 2, this maintains the API's contract.
                #
                # On Python 3, users specify mailboxes with native
                # strings, so they should receive mailboxes as native
                # strings.  Both cases are possible because of the
                # imap4-utf-7 encoding.
                #
                # Mailbox names contain the hierarchical delimiter, so
                # it too should be a native string.
                if _PY3:
                    # delimiter
                    parts[2] = parts[2].decode('imap4-utf-7')
                    # mailbox
                    parts[3] = parts[3].decode('imap4-utf-7')

                results.append(tuple(parts[1:]))
        return results


    _statusNames = {
        name: name.encode('ascii') for name in (
            'MESSAGES',
            'RECENT',
            'UIDNEXT',
            'UIDVALIDITY',
            'UNSEEN',
        )
    }

    def status(self, mailbox, *names):
        """
        Retrieve the status of the given mailbox

        This command is allowed in the Authenticated and Selected states.

        @type mailbox: L{str}
        @param mailbox: The name of the mailbox to query

        @type *names: L{bytes}
        @param *names: The status names to query.  These may be any number of:
            C{'MESSAGES'}, C{'RECENT'}, C{'UIDNEXT'}, C{'UIDVALIDITY'}, and
            C{'UNSEEN'}.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred which fires with the status information if the
            command is successful and whose errback is invoked otherwise.  The
            status information is in the form of a C{dict}.  Each element of
            C{names} is a key in the dictionary.  The value for each key is the
            corresponding response from the server.
        """
        cmd = b'STATUS'

        preparedMailbox = _prepareMailboxName(mailbox)
        try:
            names = b' '.join(self._statusNames[name] for name in names)
        except KeyError:
            raise ValueError("Unknown names: {!r}".format(
                set(names) - set(self._statusNames)
            ))

        args = b''.join([preparedMailbox,
                         b" (", names, b")"])
        resp = (b'STATUS',)
        d = self.sendCommand(Command(cmd, args, wantResponse=resp))
        d.addCallback(self.__cbStatus)
        return d


    def __cbStatus(self, result):
        (lines, last) = result
        status = {}
        for parts in lines:
            if parts[0] == b'STATUS':
                items = parts[2]
                items = [items[i:i+2] for i in range(0, len(items), 2)]
                for k, v in items:
                    try:
                        status[nativeString(k)] = v
                    except UnicodeDecodeError:
                        raise IllegalServerResponse(repr(items))
        for k in status.keys():
            t = self.STATUS_TRANSFORMATIONS.get(k)
            if t:
                try:
                    status[k] = t(status[k])
                except Exception as e:
                    raise IllegalServerResponse('(' + k + ' '+ status[k] + '): ' + str(e))
        return status


    def append(self, mailbox, message, flags = (), date = None):
        """
        Add the given message to the given mailbox.

        This command is allowed in the Authenticated and Selected states.

        @type mailbox: L{str}
        @param mailbox: The mailbox to which to add this message.

        @type message: Any file-like object opened in B{binary mode}.
        @param message: The message to add, in RFC822 format.  Newlines
        in this file should be \\r\\n-style.

        @type flags: Any iterable of L{str}
        @param flags: The flags to associated with this message.

        @type date: L{str}
        @param date: The date to associate with this message.  This should
        be of the format DD-MM-YYYY HH:MM:SS +/-HHMM.  For example, in
        Eastern Standard Time, on July 1st 2004 at half past 1 PM,
        \"01-07-2004 13:30:00 -0500\".

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked when this command
        succeeds or whose errback is invoked if it fails.
        """
        message.seek(0, 2)
        L = message.tell()
        message.seek(0, 0)
        if date:
            date = networkString(' "%s"' % nativeString(date))
        else:
            date = b''

        encodedFlags = [networkString(flag) for flag in flags]

        cmd = b''.join([
            _prepareMailboxName(mailbox),
            b" (", b" ".join(encodedFlags), b")",
            date,
            b" {", intToBytes(L), b"}",
        ])

        d = self.sendCommand(Command(b'APPEND', cmd, (), self.__cbContinueAppend, message))
        return d


    def __cbContinueAppend(self, lines, message):
        s = basic.FileSender()
        return s.beginFileTransfer(message, self.transport, None
            ).addCallback(self.__cbFinishAppend)


    def __cbFinishAppend(self, foo):
        self.sendLine(b'')


    def check(self):
        """
        Tell the server to perform a checkpoint

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked when this command
        succeeds or whose errback is invoked if it fails.
        """
        return self.sendCommand(Command(b'CHECK'))


    def close(self):
        """
        Return the connection to the Authenticated state.

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.

        Issuing this command will also remove all messages flagged \\Deleted
        from the selected mailbox if it is opened in read-write mode,
        otherwise it indicates success by no messages are removed.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked when the command
        completes successfully or whose errback is invoked if it fails.
        """
        return self.sendCommand(Command(b'CLOSE'))


    def expunge(self):
        """
        Return the connection to the Authenticate state.

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.

        Issuing this command will perform the same actions as issuing the
        close command, but will also generate an 'expunge' response for
        every message deleted.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with a list of the
        'expunge' responses when this command is successful or whose errback
        is invoked otherwise.
        """
        cmd = b'EXPUNGE'
        resp = (b'EXPUNGE',)
        d = self.sendCommand(Command(cmd, wantResponse=resp))
        d.addCallback(self.__cbExpunge)
        return d


    def __cbExpunge(self, result):
        (lines, last) = result
        ids = []
        for parts in lines:
            if len(parts) == 2 and parts[1] == b'EXPUNGE':
                ids.append(self._intOrRaise(parts[0], parts))
        return ids


    def search(self, *queries, **kwarg):
        """
        Search messages in the currently selected mailbox

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.

        Any non-zero number of queries are accepted by this method, as returned
        by the C{Query}, C{Or}, and C{Not} functions.

        @param uid: if true, the server is asked to return message UIDs instead
            of message sequence numbers.  (This is a keyword-only argument.)
        @type uid: L{bool}

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback will be invoked with a list of all
            the message sequence numbers return by the search, or whose errback
            will be invoked if there is an error.
        """
        # Queries should be encoded as ASCII unless a charset
        # identifier is provided.  See #9201.
        if _PY3:
            queries = [query.encode('charmap') for query in queries]

        if kwarg.get('uid'):
            cmd = b'UID SEARCH'
        else:
            cmd = b'SEARCH'
        args = b' '.join(queries)
        d = self.sendCommand(Command(cmd, args, wantResponse=(cmd,)))
        d.addCallback(self.__cbSearch)
        return d


    def __cbSearch(self, result):
        (lines, end) = result
        ids = []
        for parts in lines:
            if len(parts) > 0 and parts[0] == b'SEARCH':
                ids.extend([self._intOrRaise(p, parts) for p in parts[1:]])
        return ids


    def fetchUID(self, messages, uid=0):
        """
        Retrieve the unique identifier for one or more messages

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.

        @type messages: L{MessageSet} or L{str}
        @param messages: A message sequence set

        @type uid: L{bool}
        @param uid: Indicates whether the message sequence set is of message
        numbers or of unique message IDs.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with a dict mapping
        message sequence numbers to unique message identifiers, or whose
        errback is invoked if there is an error.
        """
        return self._fetch(messages, useUID=uid, uid=1)


    def fetchFlags(self, messages, uid=0):
        """
        Retrieve the flags for one or more messages

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.

        @type messages: L{MessageSet} or L{str}
        @param messages: The messages for which to retrieve flags.

        @type uid: L{bool}
        @param uid: Indicates whether the message sequence set is of message
        numbers or of unique message IDs.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with a dict mapping
        message numbers to lists of flags, or whose errback is invoked if
        there is an error.
        """
        return self._fetch(messages, useUID=uid, flags=1)


    def fetchInternalDate(self, messages, uid=0):
        """
        Retrieve the internal date associated with one or more messages

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.

        @type messages: L{MessageSet} or L{str}
        @param messages: The messages for which to retrieve the internal date.

        @type uid: L{bool}
        @param uid: Indicates whether the message sequence set is of message
        numbers or of unique message IDs.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with a dict mapping
        message numbers to date strings, or whose errback is invoked
        if there is an error.  Date strings take the format of
        \"day-month-year time timezone\".
        """
        return self._fetch(messages, useUID=uid, internaldate=1)


    def fetchEnvelope(self, messages, uid=0):
        """
        Retrieve the envelope data for one or more messages

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.

        @type messages: L{MessageSet} or L{str}
        @param messages: The messages for which to retrieve envelope
            data.

        @type uid: L{bool}
        @param uid: Indicates whether the message sequence set is of
            message numbers or of unique message IDs.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with a dict
            mapping message numbers to envelope data, or whose errback
            is invoked if there is an error.  Envelope data consists
            of a sequence of the date, subject, from, sender,
            reply-to, to, cc, bcc, in-reply-to, and message-id header
            fields.  The date, subject, in-reply-to, and message-id
            fields are L{str}, while the from, sender, reply-to, to,
            cc, and bcc fields contain address data as L{str}s.
            Address data consists of a sequence of name, source route,
            mailbox name, and hostname.  Fields which are not present
            for a particular address may be L{None}.
        """
        return self._fetch(messages, useUID=uid, envelope=1)


    def fetchBodyStructure(self, messages, uid=0):
        """
        Retrieve the structure of the body of one or more messages

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.

        @type messages: L{MessageSet} or L{str}
        @param messages: The messages for which to retrieve body structure
        data.

        @type uid: L{bool}
        @param uid: Indicates whether the message sequence set is of message
        numbers or of unique message IDs.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with a dict mapping
        message numbers to body structure data, or whose errback is invoked
        if there is an error.  Body structure data describes the MIME-IMB
        format of a message and consists of a sequence of mime type, mime
        subtype, parameters, content id, description, encoding, and size.
        The fields following the size field are variable: if the mime
        type/subtype is message/rfc822, the contained message's envelope
        information, body structure data, and number of lines of text; if
        the mime type is text, the number of lines of text.  Extension fields
        may also be included; if present, they are: the MD5 hash of the body,
        body disposition, body language.
        """
        return self._fetch(messages, useUID=uid, bodystructure=1)


    def fetchSimplifiedBody(self, messages, uid=0):
        """
        Retrieve the simplified body structure of one or more messages

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.

        @type messages: L{MessageSet} or L{str}
        @param messages: A message sequence set

        @type uid: C{bool}
        @param uid: Indicates whether the message sequence set is of message
        numbers or of unique message IDs.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with a dict mapping
        message numbers to body data, or whose errback is invoked
        if there is an error.  The simplified body structure is the same
        as the body structure, except that extension fields will never be
        present.
        """
        return self._fetch(messages, useUID=uid, body=1)


    def fetchMessage(self, messages, uid=0):
        """
        Retrieve one or more entire messages

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.

        @type messages: L{MessageSet} or L{str}
        @param messages: A message sequence set

        @type uid: C{bool}
        @param uid: Indicates whether the message sequence set is of message
        numbers or of unique message IDs.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}

        @return: A L{Deferred} which will fire with a C{dict} mapping message
            sequence numbers to C{dict}s giving message data for the
            corresponding message.  If C{uid} is true, the inner dictionaries
            have a C{'UID'} key mapped to a L{str} giving the UID for the
            message.  The text of the message is a L{str} associated with the
            C{'RFC822'} key in each dictionary.
        """
        return self._fetch(messages, useUID=uid, rfc822=1)


    def fetchHeaders(self, messages, uid=0):
        """
        Retrieve headers of one or more messages

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.

        @type messages: L{MessageSet} or L{str}
        @param messages: A message sequence set

        @type uid: L{bool}
        @param uid: Indicates whether the message sequence set is of message
        numbers or of unique message IDs.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with a dict mapping
        message numbers to dicts of message headers, or whose errback is
        invoked if there is an error.
        """
        return self._fetch(messages, useUID=uid, rfc822header=1)


    def fetchBody(self, messages, uid=0):
        """
        Retrieve body text of one or more messages

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.

        @type messages: L{MessageSet} or L{str}
        @param messages: A message sequence set

        @type uid: L{bool}
        @param uid: Indicates whether the message sequence set is of message
        numbers or of unique message IDs.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with a dict mapping
        message numbers to file-like objects containing body text, or whose
        errback is invoked if there is an error.
        """
        return self._fetch(messages, useUID=uid, rfc822text=1)


    def fetchSize(self, messages, uid=0):
        """
        Retrieve the size, in octets, of one or more messages

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.

        @type messages: L{MessageSet} or L{str}
        @param messages: A message sequence set

        @type uid: L{bool}
        @param uid: Indicates whether the message sequence set is of message
        numbers or of unique message IDs.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with a dict mapping
        message numbers to sizes, or whose errback is invoked if there is
        an error.
        """
        return self._fetch(messages, useUID=uid, rfc822size=1)


    def fetchFull(self, messages, uid=0):
        """
        Retrieve several different fields of one or more messages

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.  This is equivalent
        to issuing all of the C{fetchFlags}, C{fetchInternalDate},
        C{fetchSize}, C{fetchEnvelope}, and C{fetchSimplifiedBody}
        functions.

        @type messages: L{MessageSet} or L{str}
        @param messages: A message sequence set

        @type uid: L{bool}
        @param uid: Indicates whether the message sequence set is of message
        numbers or of unique message IDs.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with a dict mapping
        message numbers to dict of the retrieved data values, or whose
        errback is invoked if there is an error.  They dictionary keys
        are "flags", "date", "size", "envelope", and "body".
        """
        return self._fetch(
            messages, useUID=uid, flags=1, internaldate=1,
            rfc822size=1, envelope=1, body=1)


    def fetchAll(self, messages, uid=0):
        """
        Retrieve several different fields of one or more messages

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.  This is equivalent
        to issuing all of the C{fetchFlags}, C{fetchInternalDate},
        C{fetchSize}, and C{fetchEnvelope} functions.

        @type messages: L{MessageSet} or L{str}
        @param messages: A message sequence set

        @type uid: L{bool}
        @param uid: Indicates whether the message sequence set is of message
        numbers or of unique message IDs.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with a dict mapping
        message numbers to dict of the retrieved data values, or whose
        errback is invoked if there is an error.  They dictionary keys
        are "flags", "date", "size", and "envelope".
        """
        return self._fetch(
            messages, useUID=uid, flags=1, internaldate=1,
            rfc822size=1, envelope=1)


    def fetchFast(self, messages, uid=0):
        """
        Retrieve several different fields of one or more messages

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.  This is equivalent
        to issuing all of the C{fetchFlags}, C{fetchInternalDate}, and
        C{fetchSize} functions.

        @type messages: L{MessageSet} or L{str}
        @param messages: A message sequence set

        @type uid: L{bool}
        @param uid: Indicates whether the message sequence set is of message
        numbers or of unique message IDs.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with a dict mapping
        message numbers to dict of the retrieved data values, or whose
        errback is invoked if there is an error.  They dictionary keys are
        "flags", "date", and "size".
        """
        return self._fetch(
            messages, useUID=uid, flags=1, internaldate=1, rfc822size=1)


    def _parseFetchPairs(self, fetchResponseList):
        """
        Given the result of parsing a single I{FETCH} response, construct a
        L{dict} mapping response keys to response values.

        @param fetchResponseList: The result of parsing a I{FETCH} response
            with L{parseNestedParens} and extracting just the response data
            (that is, just the part that comes after C{"FETCH"}).  The form
            of this input (and therefore the output of this method) is very
            disagreeable.  A valuable improvement would be to enumerate the
            possible keys (representing them as structured objects of some
            sort) rather than using strings and tuples of tuples of strings
            and so forth.  This would allow the keys to be documented more
            easily and would allow for a much simpler application-facing API
            (one not based on looking up somewhat hard to predict keys in a
            dict).  Since C{fetchResponseList} notionally represents a
            flattened sequence of pairs (identifying keys followed by their
            associated values), collapsing such complex elements of this
            list as C{["BODY", ["HEADER.FIELDS", ["SUBJECT"]]]} into a
            single object would also greatly simplify the implementation of
            this method.

        @return: A C{dict} of the response data represented by C{pairs}.  Keys
            in this dictionary are things like C{"RFC822.TEXT"}, C{"FLAGS"}, or
            C{("BODY", ("HEADER.FIELDS", ("SUBJECT",)))}.  Values are entirely
            dependent on the key with which they are associated, but retain the
            same structured as produced by L{parseNestedParens}.
        """

        # TODO: RFC 3501 Section 7.4.2, "FETCH Response", says for
        # BODY responses that "8-bit textual data is permitted if a
        # charset identifier is part of the body parameter
        # parenthesized list".  Every other component is 7-bit.  This
        # should parse out the charset identifier and use it to decode
        # 8-bit bodies.  Until then, on Python 2 it should continue to
        # return native (byte) strings, while on Python 3 it should
        # decode bytes to native strings via charmap, ensuring data
        # fidelity at the cost of mojibake.
        if _PY3:
            def nativeStringResponse(thing):
                if isinstance(thing, bytes):
                    return thing.decode('charmap')
                elif isinstance(thing, list):
                    return [nativeStringResponse(subthing)
                            for subthing in thing]
        else:
            def nativeStringResponse(thing):
                return thing

        values = {}
        unstructured = []

        responseParts = iter(fetchResponseList)
        while True:
            try:
                key = next(responseParts)
            except StopIteration:
                break

            try:
                value = next(responseParts)
            except StopIteration:
                raise IllegalServerResponse(
                    b"Not enough arguments", fetchResponseList)

            # The parsed forms of responses like:
            #
            # BODY[] VALUE
            # BODY[TEXT] VALUE
            # BODY[HEADER.FIELDS (SUBJECT)] VALUE
            # BODY[HEADER.FIELDS (SUBJECT)]<N.M> VALUE
            #
            # are:
            #
            # ["BODY", [], VALUE]
            # ["BODY", ["TEXT"], VALUE]
            # ["BODY", ["HEADER.FIELDS", ["SUBJECT"]], VALUE]
            # ["BODY", ["HEADER.FIELDS", ["SUBJECT"]], "<N.M>", VALUE]
            #
            # Additionally, BODY responses for multipart messages are
            # represented as:
            #
            #    ["BODY", VALUE]
            #
            # with list as the type of VALUE and the type of VALUE[0].
            #
            # See #6281 for ideas on how this might be improved.

            if key not in (b"BODY", b"BODY.PEEK"):
                # Only BODY (and by extension, BODY.PEEK) responses can have
                # body sections.
                hasSection = False
            elif not isinstance(value, list):
                # A BODY section is always represented as a list.  Any non-list
                # is not a BODY section.
                hasSection = False
            elif len(value) > 2:
                # The list representing a BODY section has at most two elements.
                hasSection = False
            elif value and isinstance(value[0], list):
                # A list containing a list represents the body structure of a
                # multipart message, instead.
                hasSection = False
            else:
                # Otherwise it must have a BODY section to examine.
                hasSection = True

            # If it has a BODY section, grab some extra elements and shuffle
            # around the shape of the key a little bit.

            key = nativeString(key)
            unstructured.append(key)

            if hasSection:
                if len(value) < 2:
                    value = [nativeString(v) for v in value]
                    unstructured.append(value)

                    key = (key, tuple(value))
                else:
                    valueHead = nativeString(value[0])
                    valueTail = [nativeString(v) for v in value[1]]
                    unstructured.append([valueHead, valueTail])

                    key = (key, (valueHead, tuple(valueTail)))
                try:
                    value = next(responseParts)
                except StopIteration:
                    raise IllegalServerResponse(
                        b"Not enough arguments", fetchResponseList)

                # Handle partial ranges
                if value.startswith(b'<') and value.endswith(b'>'):
                    try:
                        int(value[1:-1])
                    except ValueError:
                        # This isn't really a range, it's some content.
                        pass
                    else:
                        value = nativeString(value)
                        unstructured.append(value)
                        key = key + (value,)
                        try:
                            value = next(responseParts)
                        except StopIteration:
                            raise IllegalServerResponse(
                                b"Not enough arguments", fetchResponseList)

            value = nativeStringResponse(value)
            unstructured.append(value)
            values[key] = value

        return values, unstructured


    def _cbFetch(self, result, requestedParts, structured):
        (lines, last) = result
        info = {}
        for parts in lines:
            if len(parts) == 3 and parts[1] == b'FETCH':
                id = self._intOrRaise(parts[0], parts)
                if id not in info:
                    info[id] = [parts[2]]
                else:
                    info[id][0].extend(parts[2])

        results = {}
        decodedInfo = {}
        for (messageId, values) in info.items():
            structuredMap, unstructuredList = self._parseFetchPairs(values[0])
            decodedInfo.setdefault(messageId, [[]])[0].extend(unstructuredList)
            results.setdefault(messageId, {}).update(structuredMap)
        info = decodedInfo

        flagChanges = {}
        for messageId in list(results.keys()):
            values = results[messageId]
            for part in list(values.keys()):
                if part not in requestedParts and part == 'FLAGS':
                    flagChanges[messageId] = values['FLAGS']
                    # Find flags in the result and get rid of them.
                    for i in range(len(info[messageId][0])):
                        if info[messageId][0][i] == 'FLAGS':
                            del info[messageId][0][i:i+2]
                            break
                    del values['FLAGS']
                    if not values:
                        del results[messageId]

        if flagChanges:
            self.flagsChanged(flagChanges)

        if structured:
            return results
        else:
            return info


    def fetchSpecific(self, messages, uid=0, headerType=None,
                      headerNumber=None, headerArgs=None, peek=None,
                      offset=None, length=None):
        """
        Retrieve a specific section of one or more messages

        @type messages: L{MessageSet} or L{str}
        @param messages: A message sequence set

        @type uid: L{bool}
        @param uid: Indicates whether the message sequence set is of message
            numbers or of unique message IDs.

        @type headerType: L{str}
        @param headerType: If specified, must be one of HEADER, HEADER.FIELDS,
            HEADER.FIELDS.NOT, MIME, or TEXT, and will determine which part of
            the message is retrieved.  For HEADER.FIELDS and HEADER.FIELDS.NOT,
            C{headerArgs} must be a sequence of header names.  For MIME,
            C{headerNumber} must be specified.

        @type headerNumber: L{int} or L{int} sequence
        @param headerNumber: The nested rfc822 index specifying the entity to
            retrieve.  For example, C{1} retrieves the first entity of the
            message, and C{(2, 1, 3}) retrieves the 3rd entity inside the first
            entity inside the second entity of the message.

        @type headerArgs: A sequence of L{str}
        @param headerArgs: If C{headerType} is HEADER.FIELDS, these are the
            headers to retrieve.  If it is HEADER.FIELDS.NOT, these are the
            headers to exclude from retrieval.

        @type peek: C{bool}
        @param peek: If true, cause the server to not set the \\Seen flag on
            this message as a result of this command.

        @type offset: L{int}
        @param offset: The number of octets at the beginning of the result to
            skip.

        @type length: L{int}
        @param length: The number of octets to retrieve.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with a mapping of message
            numbers to retrieved data, or whose errback is invoked if there is
            an error.
        """
        fmt = '%s BODY%s[%s%s%s]%s'
        if headerNumber is None:
            number = ''
        elif isinstance(headerNumber, int):
            number = str(headerNumber)
        else:
            number = '.'.join(map(str, headerNumber))
        if headerType is None:
            header = ''
        elif number:
            header = '.' + headerType
        else:
            header = headerType
        if header and headerType in ('HEADER.FIELDS', 'HEADER.FIELDS.NOT'):
            if headerArgs is not None:
                payload = ' (%s)' % ' '.join(headerArgs)
            else:
                payload = ' ()'
        else:
            payload = ''
        if offset is None:
            extra = ''
        else:
            extra = '<%d.%d>' % (offset, length)
        fetch = uid and b'UID FETCH' or b'FETCH'
        cmd = fmt % (messages, peek and '.PEEK' or '', number, header, payload, extra)

        # APPEND components should be encoded as ASCII unless a
        # charset identifier is provided.  See #9201.
        if _PY3:
            cmd = cmd.encode('charmap')

        d = self.sendCommand(Command(fetch, cmd, wantResponse=(b'FETCH',)))
        d.addCallback(self._cbFetch, (), False)
        return d


    def _fetch(self, messages, useUID=0, **terms):
        messages = str(messages).encode('ascii')
        fetch = useUID and b'UID FETCH' or b'FETCH'

        if 'rfc822text' in terms:
            del terms['rfc822text']
            terms['rfc822.text'] = True
        if 'rfc822size' in terms:
            del terms['rfc822size']
            terms['rfc822.size'] = True
        if 'rfc822header' in terms:
            del terms['rfc822header']
            terms['rfc822.header'] = True

        # The terms in 6.4.5 are all ASCII congruent, so wing it.
        # Note that this isn't a public API, so terms in responses
        # should not be decoded to native strings.
        encodedTerms = [networkString(s) for s in terms]
        cmd = messages + b' (' + b' '.join(
            [s.upper() for s in encodedTerms]
        ) + b')'

        d = self.sendCommand(Command(fetch, cmd, wantResponse=(b'FETCH',)))
        d.addCallback(self._cbFetch, [t.upper() for t in terms.keys()], True)
        return d


    def setFlags(self, messages, flags, silent=1, uid=0):
        """
        Set the flags for one or more messages.

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.

        @type messages: L{MessageSet} or L{str}
        @param messages: A message sequence set

        @type flags: Any iterable of L{str}
        @param flags: The flags to set

        @type silent: L{bool}
        @param silent: If true, cause the server to suppress its verbose
        response.

        @type uid: L{bool}
        @param uid: Indicates whether the message sequence set is of message
        numbers or of unique message IDs.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with a list of the
        server's responses (C{[]} if C{silent} is true) or whose
        errback is invoked if there is an error.
        """
        return self._store(messages, b'FLAGS', silent, flags, uid)


    def addFlags(self, messages, flags, silent=1, uid=0):
        """
        Add to the set flags for one or more messages.

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.

        @type messages: C{MessageSet} or L{str}
        @param messages: A message sequence set

        @type flags: Any iterable of L{str}
        @param flags: The flags to set

        @type silent: C{bool}
        @param silent: If true, cause the server to suppress its verbose
        response.

        @type uid: C{bool}
        @param uid: Indicates whether the message sequence set is of message
        numbers or of unique message IDs.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with a list of the
        server's responses (C{[]} if C{silent} is true) or whose
        errback is invoked if there is an error.
        """
        return self._store(messages, b'+FLAGS', silent, flags, uid)


    def removeFlags(self, messages, flags, silent=1, uid=0):
        """
        Remove from the set flags for one or more messages.

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.

        @type messages: L{MessageSet} or L{str}
        @param messages: A message sequence set

        @type flags: Any iterable of L{str}
        @param flags: The flags to set

        @type silent: L{bool}
        @param silent: If true, cause the server to suppress its verbose
        response.

        @type uid: L{bool}
        @param uid: Indicates whether the message sequence set is of message
        numbers or of unique message IDs.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with a list of the
        server's responses (C{[]} if C{silent} is true) or whose
        errback is invoked if there is an error.
        """
        return self._store(messages, b'-FLAGS', silent, flags, uid)


    def _store(self, messages, cmd, silent, flags, uid):
        messages = str(messages).encode('ascii')
        encodedFlags = [networkString(flag) for flag in flags]
        if silent:
            cmd = cmd + b'.SILENT'
        store = uid and b'UID STORE' or b'STORE'
        args = b' '.join((messages, cmd, b'('+ b' '.join(encodedFlags) + b')'))
        d = self.sendCommand(Command(store, args, wantResponse=(b'FETCH',)))
        expected = ()
        if not silent:
            expected = ('FLAGS',)
        d.addCallback(self._cbFetch, expected, True)
        return d


    def copy(self, messages, mailbox, uid):
        """
        Copy the specified messages to the specified mailbox.

        This command is allowed in the Selected state.

        @type messages: L{MessageSet} or L{str}
        @param messages: A message sequence set

        @type mailbox: L{str}
        @param mailbox: The mailbox to which to copy the messages

        @type uid: C{bool}
        @param uid: If true, the C{messages} refers to message UIDs, rather
        than message sequence numbers.

        @rtype: L{Deferred}
        @return: A deferred whose callback is invoked with a true value
        when the copy is successful, or whose errback is invoked if there
        is an error.
        """
        messages = str(messages).encode('ascii')
        if uid:
            cmd = b'UID COPY'
        else:
            cmd = b'COPY'
        args = b' '.join([messages, _prepareMailboxName(mailbox)])
        return self.sendCommand(Command(cmd, args))

    #
    # IMailboxListener methods
    #
    def modeChanged(self, writeable):
        """Override me"""

    def flagsChanged(self, newFlags):
        """Override me"""

    def newMessages(self, exists, recent):
        """Override me"""



def parseIdList(s, lastMessageId=None):
    """
    Parse a message set search key into a C{MessageSet}.

    @type s: L{bytes}
    @param s: A string description of an id list, for example "1:3, 4:*"

    @type lastMessageId: L{int}
    @param lastMessageId: The last message sequence id or UID, depending on
        whether we are parsing the list in UID or sequence id context. The
        caller should pass in the correct value.

    @rtype: C{MessageSet}
    @return: A C{MessageSet} that contains the ids defined in the list
    """
    res = MessageSet()
    parts = s.split(b',')
    for p in parts:
        if b':' in p:
            low, high = p.split(b':', 1)
            try:
                if low == b'*':
                    low = None
                else:
                    low = int(low)
                if high == b'*':
                    high = None
                else:
                    high = int(high)
                if low is high is None:
                    # *:* does not make sense
                    raise IllegalIdentifierError(p)
                # non-positive values are illegal according to RFC 3501
                if ((low is not None and low <= 0) or
                    (high is not None and high <= 0)):
                    raise IllegalIdentifierError(p)
                # star means "highest value of an id in the mailbox"
                high = high or lastMessageId
                low = low or lastMessageId

                res.add(low, high)
            except ValueError:
                raise IllegalIdentifierError(p)
        else:
            try:
                if p == b'*':
                    p = None
                else:
                    p = int(p)
                if p is not None and p <= 0:
                    raise IllegalIdentifierError(p)
            except ValueError:
                raise IllegalIdentifierError(p)
            else:
                res.extend(p or lastMessageId)
    return res



_SIMPLE_BOOL = (
    'ALL', 'ANSWERED', 'DELETED', 'DRAFT', 'FLAGGED', 'NEW', 'OLD',
    'RECENT', 'SEEN', 'UNANSWERED', 'UNDELETED', 'UNDRAFT', 'UNFLAGGED',
    'UNSEEN'
)

_NO_QUOTES = (
    'LARGER', 'SMALLER', 'UID'
)

_sorted = sorted

def Query(sorted=0, **kwarg):
    """
    Create a query string

    Among the accepted keywords are::

        all         : If set to a true value, search all messages in the
                      current mailbox

        answered    : If set to a true value, search messages flagged with
                      \\Answered

        bcc         : A substring to search the BCC header field for

        before      : Search messages with an internal date before this
                      value.  The given date should be a string in the format
                      of 'DD-Mon-YYYY'.  For example, '03-Mar-2003'.

        body        : A substring to search the body of the messages for

        cc          : A substring to search the CC header field for

        deleted     : If set to a true value, search messages flagged with
                      \\Deleted

        draft       : If set to a true value, search messages flagged with
                      \\Draft

        flagged     : If set to a true value, search messages flagged with
                      \\Flagged

        from        : A substring to search the From header field for

        header      : A two-tuple of a header name and substring to search
                      for in that header

        keyword     : Search for messages with the given keyword set

        larger      : Search for messages larger than this number of octets

        messages    : Search only the given message sequence set.

        new         : If set to a true value, search messages flagged with
                      \\Recent but not \\Seen

        old         : If set to a true value, search messages not flagged with
                      \\Recent

        on          : Search messages with an internal date which is on this
                      date.  The given date should be a string in the format
                      of 'DD-Mon-YYYY'.  For example, '03-Mar-2003'.

        recent      : If set to a true value, search for messages flagged with
                      \\Recent

        seen        : If set to a true value, search for messages flagged with
                      \\Seen

        sentbefore  : Search for messages with an RFC822 'Date' header before
                      this date.  The given date should be a string in the format
                      of 'DD-Mon-YYYY'.  For example, '03-Mar-2003'.

        senton      : Search for messages with an RFC822 'Date' header which is
                      on this date  The given date should be a string in the format
                      of 'DD-Mon-YYYY'.  For example, '03-Mar-2003'.

        sentsince   : Search for messages with an RFC822 'Date' header which is
                      after this date.  The given date should be a string in the format
                      of 'DD-Mon-YYYY'.  For example, '03-Mar-2003'.

        since       : Search for messages with an internal date that is after
                      this date..  The given date should be a string in the format
                      of 'DD-Mon-YYYY'.  For example, '03-Mar-2003'.

        smaller     : Search for messages smaller than this number of octets

        subject     : A substring to search the 'subject' header for

        text        : A substring to search the entire message for

        to          : A substring to search the 'to' header for

        uid         : Search only the messages in the given message set

        unanswered  : If set to a true value, search for messages not
                      flagged with \\Answered

        undeleted   : If set to a true value, search for messages not
                      flagged with \\Deleted

        undraft     : If set to a true value, search for messages not
                      flagged with \\Draft

        unflagged   : If set to a true value, search for messages not
                      flagged with \\Flagged

        unkeyword   : Search for messages without the given keyword set

        unseen      : If set to a true value, search for messages not
                      flagged with \\Seen

    @type sorted: C{bool}
    @param sorted: If true, the output will be sorted, alphabetically.
    The standard does not require it, but it makes testing this function
    easier.  The default is zero, and this should be acceptable for any
    application.

    @rtype: L{str}
    @return: The formatted query string
    """
    cmd = []
    keys = kwarg.keys()
    if sorted:
        keys = _sorted(keys)
    for k in keys:
        v = kwarg[k]
        k = k.upper()
        if k in _SIMPLE_BOOL and v:
            cmd.append(k)
        elif k == 'HEADER':
            cmd.extend([k, str(v[0]), str(v[1])])
        elif k == 'KEYWORD' or k == 'UNKEYWORD':
            # Discard anything that does not fit into an "atom".  Perhaps turn
            # the case where this actually removes bytes from the value into a
            # warning and then an error, eventually.  See #6277.
            v = _nonAtomRE.sub("", v)
            cmd.extend([k, v])
        elif k not in _NO_QUOTES:
            if isinstance(v, MessageSet):
                fmt = '"%s"'
            elif isinstance(v, str):
                fmt = '"%s"'
            else:
                fmt = '"%d"'
            cmd.extend([k, fmt % (v,)])
        elif isinstance(v, int):
            cmd.extend([k, '%d' % (v,)])
        else:
            cmd.extend([k, '%s' % (v,)])
    if len(cmd) > 1:
        return '(' + ' '.join(cmd) + ')'
    else:
        return ' '.join(cmd)



def Or(*args):
    """
    The disjunction of two or more queries
    """
    if len(args) < 2:
        raise IllegalQueryError(args)
    elif len(args) == 2:
        return '(OR %s %s)' % args
    else:
        return '(OR %s %s)' % (args[0], Or(*args[1:]))

def Not(query):
    """The negation of a query"""
    return '(NOT %s)' % (query,)


def wildcardToRegexp(wildcard, delim=None):
    wildcard = wildcard.replace('*', '(?:.*?)')
    if delim is None:
        wildcard = wildcard.replace('%', '(?:.*?)')
    else:
        wildcard = wildcard.replace('%', '(?:(?:[^%s])*?)' % re.escape(delim))
    return re.compile(wildcard, re.I)



def splitQuoted(s):
    """
    Split a string into whitespace delimited tokens

    Tokens that would otherwise be separated but are surrounded by \"
    remain as a single token.  Any token that is not quoted and is
    equal to \"NIL\" is tokenized as L{None}.

    @type s: L{bytes}
    @param s: The string to be split

    @rtype: L{list} of L{bytes}
    @return: A list of the resulting tokens

    @raise MismatchedQuoting: Raised if an odd number of quotes are present
    """
    s = s.strip()
    result = []
    word = []
    inQuote = inWord = False
    qu = _matchingString('"', s)
    esc = _matchingString('\x5c', s)
    empty = _matchingString('', s)
    nil = _matchingString('NIL', s)
    for i, c in enumerate(iterbytes(s)):
        if c == qu:
            if i and s[i-1:i] == esc:
                word.pop()
                word.append(qu)
            elif not inQuote:
                inQuote = True
            else:
                inQuote = False
                result.append(empty.join(word))
                word = []
        elif (
                not inWord and not inQuote and
                c not in (qu + (string.whitespace.encode("ascii")))
        ):
            inWord = True
            word.append(c)
        elif inWord and not inQuote and c in string.whitespace.encode("ascii"):
            w = empty.join(word)
            if w == nil:
                result.append(None)
            else:
                result.append(w)
            word = []
            inWord = False
        elif inWord or inQuote:
            word.append(c)

    if inQuote:
        raise MismatchedQuoting(s)
    if inWord:
        w = empty.join(word)
        if w == nil:
            result.append(None)
        else:
            result.append(w)

    return result



def splitOn(sequence, predicate, transformers):
    result = []
    mode = predicate(sequence[0])
    tmp = [sequence[0]]
    for e in sequence[1:]:
        p = predicate(e)
        if p != mode:
            result.extend(transformers[mode](tmp))
            tmp = [e]
            mode = p
        else:
            tmp.append(e)
    result.extend(transformers[mode](tmp))
    return result



def collapseStrings(results):
    """
    Turns a list of length-one strings and lists into a list of longer
    strings and lists.  For example,

    ['a', 'b', ['c', 'd']] is returned as ['ab', ['cd']]

    @type results: L{list} of L{bytes} and L{list}
    @param results: The list to be collapsed

    @rtype: L{list} of L{bytes} and L{list}
    @return: A new list which is the collapsed form of C{results}
    """
    copy = []
    begun = None

    pred = lambda e: isinstance(e, tuple)
    tran = {
        0: lambda e: splitQuoted(b''.join(e)),
        1: lambda e: [b''.join([i[0] for i in e])]
    }
    for i, c in enumerate(results):
        if isinstance(c, list):
            if begun is not None:
                copy.extend(splitOn(results[begun:i], pred, tran))
                begun = None
            copy.append(collapseStrings(c))
        elif begun is None:
            begun = i
    if begun is not None:
        copy.extend(splitOn(results[begun:], pred, tran))
    return copy



def parseNestedParens(s, handleLiteral = 1):
    """
    Parse an s-exp-like string into a more useful data structure.

    @type s: L{bytes}
    @param s: The s-exp-like string to parse

    @rtype: L{list} of L{bytes} and L{list}
    @return: A list containing the tokens present in the input.

    @raise MismatchedNesting: Raised if the number or placement
    of opening or closing parenthesis is invalid.
    """
    s = s.strip()
    inQuote = 0
    contentStack = [[]]
    try:
        i = 0
        L = len(s)
        while i < L:
            c = s[i:i+1]
            if inQuote:
                if c == b'\\':
                    contentStack[-1].append(s[i:i+2])
                    i += 2
                    continue
                elif c == b'"':
                    inQuote = not inQuote
                contentStack[-1].append(c)
                i += 1
            else:
                if c == b'"':
                    contentStack[-1].append(c)
                    inQuote = not inQuote
                    i += 1
                elif handleLiteral and c == b'{':
                    end = s.find(b'}', i)
                    if end == -1:
                        raise ValueError("Malformed literal")
                    literalSize = int(s[i+1:end])
                    contentStack[-1].append((s[end+3:end+3+literalSize],))
                    i = end + 3 + literalSize
                elif c == b'(' or c == b'[':
                    contentStack.append([])
                    i += 1
                elif c == b')' or c == b']':
                    contentStack[-2].append(contentStack.pop())
                    i += 1
                else:
                    contentStack[-1].append(c)
                    i += 1
    except IndexError:
        raise MismatchedNesting(s)
    if len(contentStack) != 1:
        raise MismatchedNesting(s)
    return collapseStrings(contentStack[0])



def _quote(s):
    qu = _matchingString('"', s)
    esc = _matchingString('\x5c', s)
    return qu + s.replace(esc, esc + esc).replace(qu, esc + qu) + qu



def _literal(s):
    return b'{%d}\r\n%s' % (len(s), s)



class DontQuoteMe:
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value


    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.value)



_ATOM_SPECIALS = b'(){ %*"'
def _needsQuote(s):
    if s == b'':
        return 1
    for c in iterbytes(s):
        if c < b'\x20' or c > b'\x7f':
            return 1
        if c in _ATOM_SPECIALS:
            return 1
    return 0



def _parseMbox(name):
    if isinstance(name, unicode):
        return name
    try:
        return name.decode('imap4-utf-7')
    except:
        log.err()
        raise IllegalMailboxEncoding(name)



def _prepareMailboxName(name):
    if not isinstance(name, unicode):
        name = name.decode("charmap")
    name = name.encode('imap4-utf-7')
    if _needsQuote(name):
        return _quote(name)
    return name




def _needsLiteral(s):
    # change this to "return 1" to wig out stupid clients
    cr = _matchingString("\n", s)
    lf = _matchingString("\r", s)
    return cr in s or lf in s or len(s) > 1000



def collapseNestedLists(items):
    """
    Turn a nested list structure into an s-exp-like string.

    Strings in C{items} will be sent as literals if they contain CR or LF,
    otherwise they will be quoted.  References to None in C{items} will be
    translated to the atom NIL.  Objects with a 'read' attribute will have
    it called on them with no arguments and the returned string will be
    inserted into the output as a literal.  Integers will be converted to
    strings and inserted into the output unquoted.  Instances of
    C{DontQuoteMe} will be converted to strings and inserted into the output
    unquoted.

    This function used to be much nicer, and only quote things that really
    needed to be quoted (and C{DontQuoteMe} did not exist), however, many
    broken IMAP4 clients were unable to deal with this level of sophistication,
    forcing the current behavior to be adopted for practical reasons.

    @type items: Any iterable

    @rtype: L{str}
    """
    pieces = []
    for i in items:
        if isinstance(i, unicode):
            # anything besides ASCII will have to wait for an RFC 5738
            # implementation.  See
            # https://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ticket/9258
            i = i.encode("ascii")
        if i is None:
            pieces.extend([b' ', b'NIL'])
        elif isinstance(i, (int, long)):
            pieces.extend([b' ', networkString(str(i))])
        elif isinstance(i, DontQuoteMe):
            pieces.extend([b' ', i.value])
        elif isinstance(i, bytes):
            # XXX warning
            if _needsLiteral(i):
                pieces.extend([b' ', b'{', intToBytes(len(i)), b'}',
                               IMAP4Server.delimiter, i])
            else:
                pieces.extend([b' ', _quote(i)])
        elif hasattr(i, 'read'):
            d = i.read()
            pieces.extend([b' ', b'{', intToBytes(len(d)), b'}',
                           IMAP4Server.delimiter, d])
        else:
            pieces.extend([b' ', b'(' + collapseNestedLists(i) + b')'])
    return b''.join(pieces[1:])



@implementer(IAccount)
class MemoryAccountWithoutNamespaces(object):
    mailboxes = None
    subscriptions = None
    top_id = 0

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
        self.mailboxes = {}
        self.subscriptions = []


    def allocateID(self):
        id = self.top_id
        self.top_id += 1
        return id


    ##
    ## IAccount
    ##
    def addMailbox(self, name, mbox = None):
        name = _parseMbox(name.upper())
        if name in self.mailboxes:
            raise MailboxCollision(name)
        if mbox is None:
            mbox = self._emptyMailbox(name, self.allocateID())
        self.mailboxes[name] = mbox
        return 1


    def create(self, pathspec):
        paths = [path for path in pathspec.split('/') if path]
        for accum in range(1, len(paths)):
            try:
                self.addMailbox('/'.join(paths[:accum]))
            except MailboxCollision:
                pass
        try:
            self.addMailbox('/'.join(paths))
        except MailboxCollision:
            if not pathspec.endswith('/'):
                return False
        return True


    def _emptyMailbox(self, name, id):
        raise NotImplementedError


    def select(self, name, readwrite=1):
        return self.mailboxes.get(_parseMbox(name.upper()))


    def delete(self, name):
        name = _parseMbox(name.upper())
        # See if this mailbox exists at all
        mbox = self.mailboxes.get(name)
        if not mbox:
            raise MailboxException("No such mailbox")
        # See if this box is flagged \Noselect
        if r'\Noselect' in mbox.getFlags():
            # Check for hierarchically inferior mailboxes with this one
            # as part of their root.
            for others in self.mailboxes.keys():
                if others != name and others.startswith(name):
                    raise MailboxException("Hierarchically inferior mailboxes exist and \\Noselect is set")
        mbox.destroy()

        # iff there are no hierarchically inferior names, we will
        # delete it from our ken.
        if len(self._inferiorNames(name)) > 1:
            raise MailboxException(
                'Name "%s" has inferior hierarchical names' % (name,))
        del self.mailboxes[name]


    def rename(self, oldname, newname):
        oldname = _parseMbox(oldname.upper())
        newname = _parseMbox(newname.upper())
        if oldname not in self.mailboxes:
            raise NoSuchMailbox(oldname)

        inferiors = self._inferiorNames(oldname)
        inferiors = [(o, o.replace(oldname, newname, 1)) for o in inferiors]

        for (old, new) in inferiors:
            if new in self.mailboxes:
                raise MailboxCollision(new)

        for (old, new) in inferiors:
            self.mailboxes[new] = self.mailboxes[old]
            del self.mailboxes[old]


    def _inferiorNames(self, name):
        inferiors = []
        for infname in self.mailboxes.keys():
            if infname.startswith(name):
                inferiors.append(infname)
        return inferiors


    def isSubscribed(self, name):
        return _parseMbox(name.upper()) in self.subscriptions


    def subscribe(self, name):
        name = _parseMbox(name.upper())
        if name not in self.subscriptions:
            self.subscriptions.append(name)


    def unsubscribe(self, name):
        name = _parseMbox(name.upper())
        if name not in self.subscriptions:
            raise MailboxException("Not currently subscribed to %s" % (name,))
        self.subscriptions.remove(name)


    def listMailboxes(self, ref, wildcard):
        ref = self._inferiorNames(_parseMbox(ref.upper()))
        wildcard = wildcardToRegexp(wildcard, '/')
        return [(i, self.mailboxes[i]) for i in ref if wildcard.match(i)]


@implementer(INamespacePresenter)
class MemoryAccount(MemoryAccountWithoutNamespaces):
    ##
    ## INamespacePresenter
    ##
    def getPersonalNamespaces(self):
        return [[b"", b"/"]]


    def getSharedNamespaces(self):
        return None


    def getOtherNamespaces(self):
        return None



_statusRequestDict = {
    'MESSAGES': 'getMessageCount',
    'RECENT': 'getRecentCount',
    'UIDNEXT': 'getUIDNext',
    'UIDVALIDITY': 'getUIDValidity',
    'UNSEEN': 'getUnseenCount'
}

def statusRequestHelper(mbox, names):
    r = {}
    for n in names:
        r[n] = getattr(mbox, _statusRequestDict[n.upper()])()
    return r



def parseAddr(addr):
    if addr is None:
        return [(None, None, None),]
    addr = email.utils.getaddresses([addr])
    return [[fn or None, None] + address.split('@') for fn, address in addr]



def getEnvelope(msg):
    headers = msg.getHeaders(True)
    date = headers.get('date')
    subject = headers.get('subject')
    from_ = headers.get('from')
    sender = headers.get('sender', from_)
    reply_to = headers.get('reply-to', from_)
    to = headers.get('to')
    cc = headers.get('cc')
    bcc = headers.get('bcc')
    in_reply_to = headers.get('in-reply-to')
    mid = headers.get('message-id')
    return (date, subject, parseAddr(from_), parseAddr(sender),
            reply_to and parseAddr(reply_to), to and parseAddr(to),
            cc and parseAddr(cc), bcc and parseAddr(bcc), in_reply_to, mid)



def getLineCount(msg):
    # XXX - Super expensive, CACHE THIS VALUE FOR LATER RE-USE
    # XXX - This must be the number of lines in the ENCODED version
    lines = 0
    for _ in msg.getBodyFile():
        lines += 1
    return lines



def unquote(s):
    if s[0] == s[-1] == '"':
        return s[1:-1]
    return s



def _getContentType(msg):
    """
    Return a two-tuple of the main and subtype of the given message.
    """
    attrs = None
    mm = msg.getHeaders(False, 'content-type').get('content-type', '')
    mm = ''.join(mm.splitlines())
    if mm:
        mimetype = mm.split(';')
        type = mimetype[0].split('/', 1)
        if len(type) == 1:
            major = type[0]
            minor = None
        else:
            # length must be 2, because of split('/', 1)
            major, minor = type
        attrs = dict(x.strip().lower().split('=', 1) for x in mimetype[1:])
    else:
        major = minor = None
    return major, minor, attrs



def _getMessageStructure(message):
    """
    Construct an appropriate type of message structure object for the given
    message object.

    @param message: A L{IMessagePart} provider

    @return: A L{_MessageStructure} instance of the most specific type available
        for the given message, determined by inspecting the MIME type of the
        message.
    """
    main, subtype, attrs = _getContentType(message)
    if main is not None:
        main = main.lower()
    if subtype is not None:
        subtype = subtype.lower()
    if main == 'multipart':
        return _MultipartMessageStructure(message, subtype, attrs)
    elif (main, subtype) == ('message', 'rfc822'):
        return _RFC822MessageStructure(message, main, subtype, attrs)
    elif main == 'text':
        return _TextMessageStructure(message, main, subtype, attrs)
    else:
        return _SinglepartMessageStructure(message, main, subtype, attrs)



class _MessageStructure(object):
    """
    L{_MessageStructure} is a helper base class for message structure classes
    representing the structure of particular kinds of messages, as defined by
    their MIME type.
    """
    def __init__(self, message, attrs):
        """
        @param message: An L{IMessagePart} provider which this structure object
            reports on.

        @param attrs: A C{dict} giving the parameters of the I{Content-Type}
            header of the message.
        """
        self.message = message
        self.attrs = attrs


    def _disposition(self, disp):
        """
        Parse a I{Content-Disposition} header into a two-sequence of the
        disposition and a flattened list of its parameters.

        @return: L{None} if there is no disposition header value, a L{list} with
            two elements otherwise.
        """
        if disp:
            disp = disp.split('; ')
            if len(disp) == 1:
                disp = (disp[0].lower(), None)
            elif len(disp) > 1:
                # XXX Poorly tested parser
                params = [x for param in disp[1:] for x in param.split('=', 1)]
                disp = [disp[0].lower(), params]
            return disp
        else:
            return None


    def _unquotedAttrs(self):
        """
        @return: The I{Content-Type} parameters, unquoted, as a flat list with
            each Nth element giving a parameter name and N+1th element giving
            the corresponding parameter value.
        """
        if self.attrs:
            unquoted = [(k, unquote(v)) for (k, v) in self.attrs.items()]
            return [y for x in sorted(unquoted) for y in x]
        return None



class _SinglepartMessageStructure(_MessageStructure):
    """
    L{_SinglepartMessageStructure} represents the message structure of a
    non-I{multipart/*} message.
    """
    _HEADERS = [
        'content-id', 'content-description',
        'content-transfer-encoding']

    def __init__(self, message, main, subtype, attrs):
        """
        @param message: An L{IMessagePart} provider which this structure object
            reports on.

        @param main: A L{str} giving the main MIME type of the message (for
            example, C{"text"}).

        @param subtype: A L{str} giving the MIME subtype of the message (for
            example, C{"plain"}).

        @param attrs: A C{dict} giving the parameters of the I{Content-Type}
            header of the message.
        """
        _MessageStructure.__init__(self, message, attrs)
        self.main = main
        self.subtype = subtype
        self.attrs = attrs


    def _basicFields(self):
        """
        Return a list of the basic fields for a single-part message.
        """
        headers = self.message.getHeaders(False, *self._HEADERS)

        # Number of octets total
        size = self.message.getSize()

        major, minor = self.main, self.subtype

        # content-type parameter list
        unquotedAttrs = self._unquotedAttrs()

        return [
            major, minor, unquotedAttrs,
            headers.get('content-id'),
            headers.get('content-description'),
            headers.get('content-transfer-encoding'),
            size,
            ]


    def encode(self, extended):
        """
        Construct and return a list of the basic and extended fields for a
        single-part message.  The list suitable to be encoded into a BODY or
        BODYSTRUCTURE response.
        """
        result = self._basicFields()
        if extended:
            result.extend(self._extended())
        return result


    def _extended(self):
        """
        The extension data of a non-multipart body part are in the
        following order:

          1. body MD5

             A string giving the body MD5 value as defined in [MD5].

          2. body disposition

             A parenthesized list with the same content and function as
             the body disposition for a multipart body part.

          3. body language

             A string or parenthesized list giving the body language
             value as defined in [LANGUAGE-TAGS].

          4. body location

             A string list giving the body content URI as defined in
             [LOCATION].

        """
        result = []
        headers = self.message.getHeaders(
            False, 'content-md5', 'content-disposition',
            'content-language', 'content-language')

        result.append(headers.get('content-md5'))
        result.append(self._disposition(headers.get('content-disposition')))
        result.append(headers.get('content-language'))
        result.append(headers.get('content-location'))

        return result



class _TextMessageStructure(_SinglepartMessageStructure):
    """
    L{_TextMessageStructure} represents the message structure of a I{text/*}
    message.
    """
    def encode(self, extended):
        """
        A body type of type TEXT contains, immediately after the basic
        fields, the size of the body in text lines.  Note that this
        size is the size in its content transfer encoding and not the
        resulting size after any decoding.
        """
        result = _SinglepartMessageStructure._basicFields(self)
        result.append(getLineCount(self.message))
        if extended:
            result.extend(self._extended())
        return result



class _RFC822MessageStructure(_SinglepartMessageStructure):
    """
    L{_RFC822MessageStructure} represents the message structure of a
    I{message/rfc822} message.
    """
    def encode(self, extended):
        """
        A body type of type MESSAGE and subtype RFC822 contains,
        immediately after the basic fields, the envelope structure,
        body structure, and size in text lines of the encapsulated
        message.
        """
        result = _SinglepartMessageStructure.encode(self, extended)
        contained = self.message.getSubPart(0)
        result.append(getEnvelope(contained))
        result.append(getBodyStructure(contained, False))
        result.append(getLineCount(contained))
        return result



class _MultipartMessageStructure(_MessageStructure):
    """
    L{_MultipartMessageStructure} represents the message structure of a
    I{multipart/*} message.
    """
    def __init__(self, message, subtype, attrs):
        """
        @param message: An L{IMessagePart} provider which this structure object
            reports on.

        @param subtype: A L{str} giving the MIME subtype of the message (for
            example, C{"plain"}).

        @param attrs: A C{dict} giving the parameters of the I{Content-Type}
            header of the message.
        """
        _MessageStructure.__init__(self, message, attrs)
        self.subtype = subtype


    def _getParts(self):
        """
        Return an iterator over all of the sub-messages of this message.
        """
        i = 0
        while True:
            try:
                part = self.message.getSubPart(i)
            except IndexError:
                break
            else:
                yield part
                i += 1


    def encode(self, extended):
        """
        Encode each sub-message and added the additional I{multipart} fields.
        """
        result = [_getMessageStructure(p).encode(extended) for p in self._getParts()]
        result.append(self.subtype)
        if extended:
            result.extend(self._extended())
        return result


    def _extended(self):
        """
        The extension data of a multipart body part are in the following order:

          1. body parameter parenthesized list
               A parenthesized list of attribute/value pairs [e.g., ("foo"
               "bar" "baz" "rag") where "bar" is the value of "foo", and
               "rag" is the value of "baz"] as defined in [MIME-IMB].

          2. body disposition
               A parenthesized list, consisting of a disposition type
               string, followed by a parenthesized list of disposition
               attribute/value pairs as defined in [DISPOSITION].

          3. body language
               A string or parenthesized list giving the body language
               value as defined in [LANGUAGE-TAGS].

          4. body location
               A string list giving the body content URI as defined in
               [LOCATION].
        """
        result = []
        headers = self.message.getHeaders(
            False, 'content-language', 'content-location',
            'content-disposition')

        result.append(self._unquotedAttrs())
        result.append(self._disposition(headers.get('content-disposition')))
        result.append(headers.get('content-language', None))
        result.append(headers.get('content-location', None))

        return result



def getBodyStructure(msg, extended=False):
    """
    RFC 3501, 7.4.2, BODYSTRUCTURE::

      A parenthesized list that describes the [MIME-IMB] body structure of a
      message.  This is computed by the server by parsing the [MIME-IMB] header
      fields, defaulting various fields as necessary.

        For example, a simple text message of 48 lines and 2279 octets can have
        a body structure of: ("TEXT" "PLAIN" ("CHARSET" "US-ASCII") NIL NIL
        "7BIT" 2279 48)

    This is represented as::

        ["TEXT", "PLAIN", ["CHARSET", "US-ASCII"], None, None, "7BIT", 2279, 48]

    These basic fields are documented in the RFC as:

      1. body type

         A string giving the content media type name as defined in
         [MIME-IMB].

      2. body subtype

         A string giving the content subtype name as defined in
         [MIME-IMB].

      3. body parameter parenthesized list

         A parenthesized list of attribute/value pairs [e.g., ("foo"
         "bar" "baz" "rag") where "bar" is the value of "foo" and
         "rag" is the value of "baz"] as defined in [MIME-IMB].

      4. body id

         A string giving the content id as defined in [MIME-IMB].

      5. body description

         A string giving the content description as defined in
         [MIME-IMB].

      6. body encoding

         A string giving the content transfer encoding as defined in
         [MIME-IMB].

      7. body size

         A number giving the size of the body in octets.  Note that this size is
         the size in its transfer encoding and not the resulting size after any
         decoding.

    Put another way, the body structure is a list of seven elements.  The
    semantics of the elements of this list are:

       1. Byte string giving the major MIME type
       2. Byte string giving the minor MIME type
       3. A list giving the Content-Type parameters of the message
       4. A byte string giving the content identifier for the message part, or
          None if it has no content identifier.
       5. A byte string giving the content description for the message part, or
          None if it has no content description.
       6. A byte string giving the Content-Encoding of the message body
       7. An integer giving the number of octets in the message body

    The RFC goes on::

        Multiple parts are indicated by parenthesis nesting.  Instead of a body
        type as the first element of the parenthesized list, there is a sequence
        of one or more nested body structures.  The second element of the
        parenthesized list is the multipart subtype (mixed, digest, parallel,
        alternative, etc.).

        For example, a two part message consisting of a text and a
        BASE64-encoded text attachment can have a body structure of: (("TEXT"
        "PLAIN" ("CHARSET" "US-ASCII") NIL NIL "7BIT" 1152 23)("TEXT" "PLAIN"
        ("CHARSET" "US-ASCII" "NAME" "cc.diff")
        "<960723163407.20117h@cac.washington.edu>" "Compiler diff" "BASE64" 4554
        73) "MIXED")

    This is represented as::

        [["TEXT", "PLAIN", ["CHARSET", "US-ASCII"], None, None, "7BIT", 1152,
          23],
         ["TEXT", "PLAIN", ["CHARSET", "US-ASCII", "NAME", "cc.diff"],
          "<960723163407.20117h@cac.washington.edu>", "Compiler diff",
          "BASE64", 4554, 73],
         "MIXED"]

    In other words, a list of N + 1 elements, where N is the number of parts in
    the message.  The first N elements are structures as defined by the previous
    section.  The last element is the minor MIME subtype of the multipart
    message.

    Additionally, the RFC describes extension data::

        Extension data follows the multipart subtype.  Extension data is never
        returned with the BODY fetch, but can be returned with a BODYSTRUCTURE
        fetch.  Extension data, if present, MUST be in the defined order.

    The C{extended} flag controls whether extension data might be returned with
    the normal data.
    """
    return _getMessageStructure(msg).encode(extended)


def _formatHeaders(headers):
    # TODO: This should use email.header.Header, which handles encoding
    hdrs = [': '.join((k.title(), '\r\n'.join(v.splitlines()))) for (k, v)
            in headers.items()]
    hdrs = '\r\n'.join(hdrs) + '\r\n'
    return networkString(hdrs)

def subparts(m):
    i = 0
    try:
        while True:
            yield m.getSubPart(i)
            i += 1
    except IndexError:
        pass



def iterateInReactor(i):
    """
    Consume an interator at most a single iteration per reactor iteration.

    If the iterator produces a Deferred, the next iteration will not occur
    until the Deferred fires, otherwise the next iteration will be taken
    in the next reactor iteration.

    @rtype: C{Deferred}
    @return: A deferred which fires (with None) when the iterator is
    exhausted or whose errback is called if there is an exception.
    """
    from twisted.internet import reactor
    d = defer.Deferred()
    def go(last):
        try:
            r = next(i)
        except StopIteration:
            d.callback(last)
        except:
            d.errback()
        else:
            if isinstance(r, defer.Deferred):
                r.addCallback(go)
            else:
                reactor.callLater(0, go, r)
    go(None)
    return d



class MessageProducer:
    CHUNK_SIZE = 2 ** 2 ** 2 ** 2
    _uuid4 = staticmethod(uuid.uuid4)

    def __init__(self, msg, buffer = None, scheduler = None):
        """
        Produce this message.

        @param msg: The message I am to produce.
        @type msg: L{IMessage}

        @param buffer: A buffer to hold the message in.  If None, I will
            use a L{tempfile.TemporaryFile}.
        @type buffer: file-like
        """
        self.msg = msg
        if buffer is None:
            buffer = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
        self.buffer = buffer
        if scheduler is None:
            scheduler = iterateInReactor
        self.scheduler = scheduler
        self.write = self.buffer.write


    def beginProducing(self, consumer):
        self.consumer = consumer
        return self.scheduler(self._produce())


    def _produce(self):
        headers = self.msg.getHeaders(True)
        boundary = None
        if self.msg.isMultipart():
            content = headers.get('content-type')
            parts = [x.split('=', 1) for x in content.split(';')[1:]]
            parts = dict([(k.lower().strip(), v) for (k, v) in parts])
            boundary = parts.get('boundary')
            if boundary is None:
                # Bastards
                boundary = '----=%s' % (self._uuid4().hex,)
                headers['content-type'] += '; boundary="%s"' % (boundary,)
            else:
                if boundary.startswith('"') and boundary.endswith('"'):
                    boundary = boundary[1:-1]
            boundary = networkString(boundary)

        self.write(_formatHeaders(headers))
        self.write(b'\r\n')
        if self.msg.isMultipart():
            for p in subparts(self.msg):
                self.write(b'\r\n--' + boundary + b'\r\n')
                yield MessageProducer(p, self.buffer, self.scheduler
                    ).beginProducing(None
                    )
            self.write(b'\r\n--' + boundary + b'--\r\n' )
        else:
            f = self.msg.getBodyFile()
            while True:
                b = f.read(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
                if b:
                    self.buffer.write(b)
                    yield None
                else:
                    break
        if self.consumer:
            self.buffer.seek(0, 0)
            yield FileProducer(self.buffer
                ).beginProducing(self.consumer
                ).addCallback(lambda _: self
                )



class _FetchParser:
    class Envelope:
        # Response should be a list of fields from the message:
        #   date, subject, from, sender, reply-to, to, cc, bcc, in-reply-to,
        #   and message-id.
        #
        # from, sender, reply-to, to, cc, and bcc are themselves lists of
        # address information:
        #   personal name, source route, mailbox name, host name
        #
        # reply-to and sender must not be None.  If not present in a message
        # they should be defaulted to the value of the from field.
        type = 'envelope'
        __str__ = lambda self: 'envelope'


    class Flags:
        type = 'flags'
        __str__ = lambda self: 'flags'


    class InternalDate:
        type = 'internaldate'
        __str__ = lambda self: 'internaldate'


    class RFC822Header:
        type = 'rfc822header'
        __str__ = lambda self: 'rfc822.header'


    class RFC822Text:
        type = 'rfc822text'
        __str__ = lambda self: 'rfc822.text'


    class RFC822Size:
        type = 'rfc822size'
        __str__ = lambda self: 'rfc822.size'


    class RFC822:
        type = 'rfc822'
        __str__ = lambda self: 'rfc822'


    class UID:
        type = 'uid'
        __str__ = lambda self: 'uid'


    class Body:
        type = 'body'
        peek = False
        header = None
        mime = None
        text = None
        part = ()
        empty = False
        partialBegin = None
        partialLength = None

        def __str__(self):
            return nativeString(self.__bytes__())

        def __bytes__(self):
            base = b'BODY'
            part = b''
            separator = b''
            if self.part:
                part = b'.'.join([unicode(x + 1).encode("ascii")
                                  for x in self.part])
                separator = b'.'
#            if self.peek:
#                base += '.PEEK'
            if self.header:
                base += b'[%s%s%s]' % (part, separator, self.header,)
            elif self.text:
                base += b'[' + part + separator + b'TEXT]'
            elif self.mime:
                base += b'[' + part + separator + b'MIME]'
            elif self.empty:
                base += b'[' + part + b']'
            if self.partialBegin is not None:
                base += b'<' + intToBytes(self.partialBegin) + b'.' + intToBytes(self.partialLength) + b'>'
            return base


    class BodyStructure:
        type = 'bodystructure'
        __str__ = lambda self: 'bodystructure'


    # These three aren't top-level, they don't need type indicators
    class Header:
        negate = False
        fields = None
        part = None

        def __str__(self):
            return nativeString(self.__bytes__())


        def __bytes__(self):
            base = b'HEADER'
            if self.fields:
                base += b'.FIELDS'
                if self.negate:
                    base += b'.NOT'
                fields = []
                for f in self.fields:
                    f = f.title()
                    if _needsQuote(f):
                        f = _quote(f)
                    fields.append(f)
                base += b' (' + b' '.join(fields) + b')'
            if self.part:
                # TODO: _FetchParser never assigns Header.part - dead
                # code?
                base = b'.'.join([(x + 1).__bytes__() for x in self.part]) + b'.' + base
            return base


    class Text:
        pass


    class MIME:
        pass

    parts = None

    _simple_fetch_att = [
        (b'envelope', Envelope),
        (b'flags', Flags),
        (b'internaldate', InternalDate),
        (b'rfc822.header', RFC822Header),
        (b'rfc822.text', RFC822Text),
        (b'rfc822.size', RFC822Size),
        (b'rfc822', RFC822),
        (b'uid', UID),
        (b'bodystructure', BodyStructure),
    ]

    def __init__(self):
        self.state = ['initial']
        self.result = []
        self.remaining = b''


    def parseString(self, s):
        s = self.remaining + s
        try:
            while s or self.state:
                if not self.state:
                    raise IllegalClientResponse("Invalid Argument")
                # print 'Entering state_' + self.state[-1] + ' with', repr(s)
                state = self.state.pop()
                try:
                    used = getattr(self, 'state_' + state)(s)
                except:
                    self.state.append(state)
                    raise
                else:
                    # print state, 'consumed', repr(s[:used])
                    s = s[used:]
        finally:
            self.remaining = s


    def state_initial(self, s):
        # In the initial state, the literals "ALL", "FULL", and "FAST"
        # are accepted, as is a ( indicating the beginning of a fetch_att
        # token, as is the beginning of a fetch_att token.
        if s == b'':
            return 0

        l = s.lower()
        if l.startswith(b'all'):
            self.result.extend((
                self.Flags(), self.InternalDate(),
                self.RFC822Size(), self.Envelope()
            ))
            return 3
        if l.startswith(b'full'):
            self.result.extend((
                self.Flags(), self.InternalDate(),
                self.RFC822Size(), self.Envelope(),
                self.Body()
            ))
            return 4
        if l.startswith(b'fast'):
            self.result.extend((
                self.Flags(), self.InternalDate(), self.RFC822Size(),
            ))
            return 4

        if l.startswith(b'('):
            self.state.extend(('close_paren', 'maybe_fetch_att', 'fetch_att'))
            return 1

        self.state.append('fetch_att')
        return 0


    def state_close_paren(self, s):
        if s.startswith(b')'):
            return 1
        # TODO: does maybe_fetch_att's startswith(b')') make this dead
        # code?
        raise Exception("Missing )")


    def state_whitespace(self, s):
        # Eat up all the leading whitespace
        if not s or not s[0:1].isspace():
            raise Exception("Whitespace expected, none found")
        i = 0
        for i in range(len(s)):
            if not s[i:i + 1].isspace():
                break
        return i


    def state_maybe_fetch_att(self, s):
        if not s.startswith(b')'):
            self.state.extend(('maybe_fetch_att', 'fetch_att', 'whitespace'))
        return 0


    def state_fetch_att(self, s):
        # Allowed fetch_att tokens are "ENVELOPE", "FLAGS", "INTERNALDATE",
        # "RFC822", "RFC822.HEADER", "RFC822.SIZE", "RFC822.TEXT", "BODY",
        # "BODYSTRUCTURE", "UID",
        # "BODY [".PEEK"] [<section>] ["<" <number> "." <nz_number> ">"]

        l = s.lower()
        for (name, cls) in self._simple_fetch_att:
            if l.startswith(name):
                self.result.append(cls())
                return len(name)

        b = self.Body()
        if l.startswith(b'body.peek'):
            b.peek = True
            used = 9
        elif l.startswith(b'body'):
            used = 4
        else:
            raise Exception("Nothing recognized in fetch_att: %s" % (l,))

        self.pending_body = b
        self.state.extend(('got_body', 'maybe_partial', 'maybe_section'))
        return used


    def state_got_body(self, s):
        self.result.append(self.pending_body)
        del self.pending_body
        return 0


    def state_maybe_section(self, s):
        if not s.startswith(b"["):
            return 0

        self.state.extend(('section', 'part_number'))
        return 1

    _partExpr = re.compile(b'(\d+(?:\.\d+)*)\.?')


    def state_part_number(self, s):
        m = self._partExpr.match(s)
        if m is not None:
            self.parts = [int(p) - 1 for p in m.groups()[0].split(b'.')]
            return m.end()
        else:
            self.parts = []
            return 0


    def state_section(self, s):
        # Grab "HEADER]" or "HEADER.FIELDS (Header list)]" or
        # "HEADER.FIELDS.NOT (Header list)]" or "TEXT]" or "MIME]" or
        # just "]".

        l = s.lower()
        used = 0
        if l.startswith(b']'):
            self.pending_body.empty = True
            used += 1
        elif l.startswith(b'header]'):
            h = self.pending_body.header = self.Header()
            h.negate = True
            h.fields = ()
            used += 7
        elif l.startswith(b'text]'):
            self.pending_body.text = self.Text()
            used += 5
        elif l.startswith(b'mime]'):
            self.pending_body.mime = self.MIME()
            used += 5
        else:
            h = self.Header()
            if l.startswith(b'header.fields.not'):
                h.negate = True
                used += 17
            elif l.startswith(b'header.fields'):
                used += 13
            else:
                raise Exception("Unhandled section contents: %r" % (l,))

            self.pending_body.header = h
            self.state.extend(('finish_section', 'header_list', 'whitespace'))
        self.pending_body.part = tuple(self.parts)
        self.parts = None
        return used


    def state_finish_section(self, s):
        if not s.startswith(b']'):
            raise Exception("section must end with ]")
        return 1


    def state_header_list(self, s):
        if not s.startswith(b'('):
            raise Exception("Header list must begin with (")
        end = s.find(b')')
        if end == -1:
            raise Exception("Header list must end with )")

        headers = s[1:end].split()
        self.pending_body.header.fields = [h.upper() for h in headers]
        return end + 1


    def state_maybe_partial(self, s):
        # Grab <number.number> or nothing at all
        if not s.startswith(b'<'):
            return 0
        end = s.find(b'>')
        if end == -1:
            raise Exception("Found < but not >")

        partial = s[1:end]
        parts = partial.split(b'.', 1)
        if len(parts) != 2:
            raise Exception("Partial specification did not include two .-delimited integers")
        begin, length = map(int, parts)
        self.pending_body.partialBegin = begin
        self.pending_body.partialLength = length

        return end + 1



class FileProducer:
    CHUNK_SIZE = 2 ** 2 ** 2 ** 2

    firstWrite = True

    def __init__(self, f):
        self.f = f


    def beginProducing(self, consumer):
        self.consumer = consumer
        self.produce = consumer.write
        d = self._onDone = defer.Deferred()
        self.consumer.registerProducer(self, False)
        return d


    def resumeProducing(self):
        b = b''
        if self.firstWrite:
            b = b'{' + intToBytes(self._size()) + b'}\r\n'
            self.firstWrite = False
        if not self.f:
            return
        b = b + self.f.read(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
        if not b:
            self.consumer.unregisterProducer()
            self._onDone.callback(self)
            self._onDone = self.f = self.consumer = None
        else:
            self.produce(b)


    def pauseProducing(self):
        """
        Pause the producer.  This does nothing.
        """


    def stopProducing(self):
        """
        Stop the producer.  This does nothing.
        """


    def _size(self):
        b = self.f.tell()
        self.f.seek(0, 2)
        e = self.f.tell()
        self.f.seek(b, 0)
        return e - b



def parseTime(s):
    # XXX - This may require localization :(
    months = [
        'jan', 'feb', 'mar', 'apr', 'may', 'jun', 'jul', 'aug', 'sep', 'oct',
        'nov', 'dec', 'january', 'february', 'march', 'april', 'may', 'june',
        'july', 'august', 'september', 'october', 'november', 'december'
    ]
    expr = {
        'day': r"(?P<day>3[0-1]|[1-2]\d|0[1-9]|[1-9]| [1-9])",
        'mon': r"(?P<mon>\w+)",
        'year': r"(?P<year>\d\d\d\d)"
    }
    m = re.match('%(day)s-%(mon)s-%(year)s' % expr, s)
    if not m:
        raise ValueError("Cannot parse time string %r" % (s,))
    d = m.groupdict()
    try:
        d['mon'] = 1 + (months.index(d['mon'].lower()) % 12)
        d['year'] = int(d['year'])
        d['day'] = int(d['day'])
    except ValueError:
        raise ValueError("Cannot parse time string %r" % (s,))
    else:
        return time.struct_time(
            (d['year'], d['mon'], d['day'], 0, 0, 0, -1, -1, -1)
        )

# we need to cast Python >=3.3 memoryview to chars (from unsigned bytes), but
# cast is absent in previous versions: thus, the lambda returns the
# memoryview instance while ignoring the format
memory_cast = getattr(memoryview, "cast", lambda *x: x[0])

def modified_base64(s):
    s_utf7 = s.encode('utf-7')
    return s_utf7[1:-1].replace(b'/', b',')

def modified_unbase64(s):
    s_utf7 = b'+' + s.replace(b',', b'/') + b'-'
    return s_utf7.decode('utf-7')

def encoder(s, errors=None):
    """
    Encode the given C{unicode} string using the IMAP4 specific variation of
    UTF-7.

    @type s: C{unicode}
    @param s: The text to encode.

    @param errors: Policy for handling encoding errors.  Currently ignored.

    @return: L{tuple} of a L{str} giving the encoded bytes and an L{int}
        giving the number of code units consumed from the input.
    """
    r = bytearray()
    _in = []
    valid_chars = set(map(chr, range(0x20,0x7f))) - {u"&"}
    for c in s:
        if c in valid_chars:
            if _in:
                r += b'&' + modified_base64(''.join(_in)) + b'-'
                del _in[:]
            r.append(ord(c))
        elif c == u'&':
            if _in:
                r += b'&' + modified_base64(''.join(_in)) + b'-'
                del _in[:]
            r += b'&-'
        else:
            _in.append(c)
    if _in:
        r.extend(b'&' + modified_base64(''.join(_in)) + b'-')
    return (bytes(r), len(s))




def decoder(s, errors=None):
    """
    Decode the given L{str} using the IMAP4 specific variation of UTF-7.

    @type s: L{str}
    @param s: The bytes to decode.

    @param errors: Policy for handling decoding errors.  Currently ignored.

    @return: a L{tuple} of a C{unicode} string giving the text which was
        decoded and an L{int} giving the number of bytes consumed from the
        input.
    """
    r = []
    decode = []
    s = memory_cast(memoryview(s), 'c')
    for c in s:
        if c == b'&' and not decode:
            decode.append(b'&')
        elif c == b'-' and decode:
            if len(decode) == 1:
                r.append(u'&')
            else:
                r.append(modified_unbase64(b''.join(decode[1:])))
            decode = []
        elif decode:
            decode.append(c)
        else:
            r.append(c.decode())
    if decode:
        r.append(modified_unbase64(b''.join(decode[1:])))
    return (u''.join(r), len(s))



class StreamReader(codecs.StreamReader):
    def decode(self, s, errors='strict'):
        return decoder(s)



class StreamWriter(codecs.StreamWriter):
    def encode(self, s, errors='strict'):
        return encoder(s)


_codecInfo = codecs.CodecInfo(encoder, decoder, StreamReader, StreamWriter)


def imap4_utf_7(name):
    if name == 'imap4-utf-7':
        return _codecInfo

codecs.register(imap4_utf_7)

__all__ = [
    # Protocol classes
    'IMAP4Server', 'IMAP4Client',

    # Interfaces
    'IMailboxListener', 'IClientAuthentication', 'IAccount', 'IMailbox',
    'INamespacePresenter', 'ICloseableMailbox', 'IMailboxInfo',
    'IMessage', 'IMessageCopier', 'IMessageFile', 'ISearchableMailbox',
    'IMessagePart',

    # Exceptions
    'IMAP4Exception', 'IllegalClientResponse', 'IllegalOperation',
    'IllegalMailboxEncoding', 'UnhandledResponse', 'NegativeResponse',
    'NoSupportedAuthentication', 'IllegalServerResponse',
    'IllegalIdentifierError', 'IllegalQueryError', 'MismatchedNesting',
    'MismatchedQuoting', 'MailboxException', 'MailboxCollision',
    'NoSuchMailbox', 'ReadOnlyMailbox',

    # Auth objects
    'CramMD5ClientAuthenticator', 'PLAINAuthenticator', 'LOGINAuthenticator',
    'PLAINCredentials', 'LOGINCredentials',

    # Simple query interface
    'Query', 'Not', 'Or',

    # Miscellaneous
    'MemoryAccount',
    'statusRequestHelper',
]
